Elevated Primary Bathroom, Bathroom of the Week Feature on Houzz Spa Feel with Marble and Airy layout, Bathroom of the Week Feature on Houzz. Louis XIV, a 17th-century king of France, is said to have only taken three baths in his entire life. Plumbing remained largely restricted to cold water until the late 19th century, with individual pots of water being heated up for use in baths. Nicer homes not only had proper porcelain bathtubs with both hot and cold taps nearby, some even had the luxury of all luxuries: a plumbed foot bath! As the indoor flushable toilet started to become popular, so did toilet paper. In other palaces, notes Marschner, royals even had beds inside their bathrooms. JSTOR is part of ITHAKA, a not-for-profit organization helping the academic community use digital technologies to preserve the scholarly record and to advance research and teaching in sustainable ways. In the late middle-ages, Roman-style public baths were reintroduced to Europe by crusaders and other travellers to the middle-east who had discovered some of those there. Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy. SAGEBROOKE by Candlelight C, Thrilled to share that J.P. Hoffman Design Build i, Transformation Tuesday! They were understated, feminine and often simply conjured up the scent of a particular flower, such as jasmine, lavender, roses, honeysuckle, How Did Victorian Women Deal With Their Periods? Furniture History, Vol. Like the Wampanoag, most Native Americans bathed openly in rivers and streams. Victorians: the filthy rich and the filthy poor. How Much Does It Cost To Remodel A 57 Bathroom? The modern water tap operated by a screwing action was patented by Guest and Chrimes of Rotherham in 1845. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); After the bath, Caroline and other palace residents brave enough to bathewere hustled into bed at the direction of her doctorcomplete with pre-warmed sheets and/or a special flannel shirt. One of the earliest surviving hammans, dating from the 12th century, is situated in modern-day Syria; but Baghdad alone is said to have housed tens of thousands of bathhouses in its prime. Toilet paper was not yet invented, so most colonial people used leaves or corn cobs. Registered in England and Wales Company No. B. Franklin Court privy pit / Wally Gobetz. 18th Century Developments in Bathrooms and Toilets In the 18 th century, the first public water supply networks (examples of old water supply piping pictured above) were installed in London by private companies. The Poop Deck was the aftermost part of the RMS Titanic. In the 1880s, French scientist Louis Pasteur discovered the link between microbes and the transmission of diseases. Pioneers in the 19th century would clean themselves more often the colonists; maybe once a week or twice a month. Bathing played a major part in ancient Roman culture and society. The Poop Deck was the aftermost part of the RMS Titanic. Is It Illegal To Make Someone Work With No Bathroom? JMI Bathrooms Ltd is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, FRN 750851. Registered in England and Wales Company No. How to find fashion influencers on instagram? What ancient civilization had the best hygiene? In upper-class circles everywhere, men and women began to see a new value in being clean, and bathing as a new pathway to cleanliness, Ward explained. And what spaces they were. 48. 40. There was little indoor plumbing, and besides, everyone knew that submerging yourself in . Yes, corn cobs! Advancements in industry, plumbing, architecture and science helped spread the practice of bathing and hand-washing. Perhaps that explains the special painted leather-bound floor cloths they sat upon. What did people use before deodorant? The 17th century British King James I was said to never bathe, causing the rooms he frequented to be filled with lice. Bathing as you and I know it was very, very uncommon [among western Europeans] until the later part of the 18th century, says W. Peter Ward, a professor emeritus of history at the University of British Columbia and author of the new book The Clean Body: A Modern History. In the late-19th century, people began to realize the relationship between cleanliness and good health. What if there was indoor plumbing in 1740? 30. Only the wealthy enjoyed Victorian-era luxuries such as a bathroom. How Often Should People Go To The Bathroom? Fashioncoached is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. 23-28. Starched white collars and cuffs from the inner layer often extended beyond the outer clothes, signifying the cleanliness of the body underneath. The basic technology has been in use ever since. By the middle of the century, periodic bathing had become common. The manufacture and promotion of soap played a huge role in promoting cleanliness as a desirable, appealing lifestyle. Late 1700 1800 By the 17th century people living in towns and cities had a deep pit for burying waste in called a cess pit in their garden. www.stwater.co.uk. 18th century French chamber pot. 11. Copyright 2022 - en.k2-builders.com. Should Bathroom Door Be Closed When Not In Use? How often did Victorian ladies bathe? Whether you have a historic bathroom renovation or would simply like to update your old bathroom, J.P. Hoffman Design Build has years of experience renovating bathrooms of all sizes, shapes and styles. Hard soaps were made of olive oil, soda, lime, herbs and flowers. This space doubles as the laundry room. With liquid waste, some just threw the contents out in the yard. Disease spread easily, especially among troops in the close quarters of army barracks. Barry Kudrowitz, associate professor and director of product design at the University of Minnesota, has studied the history and use of toilet paper.Through the 1700s, corncobs were a common toilet . 04201734. Once or twice a month, she might indulge in a lukewarm soak; lukewarm, because unnecessarily hot and cold temperatures were both believed to cause health problems from rashes to insanity. Most fragrances in early to mid-Victorian times were delicate and floral. In the 19th century, body care became something people thought distinguished them from the lower classes. 04201734. Our team totally transfor, New Project Alert! Privies, chamber pots, close stool chairs, night soil, rampant stomach worms, and waste lying in the street. The earliest known bathtub was found in Greece, and was found in the Palace of Knossos, in Crete, dating from 1700 B.C. The bath and sink were commonly in one room, and the toilet in another (the lavatory or water closet). The majority of outhouses were constructed of wood, which was light enough for easy relocation as necessary. Well, we pretended there was when we accepted the challenge to renovate an existing Ashland, MA bathroom, but with a nod to the homes historic roots. Pads were made of scrap fabric or rags (hence, the phrase on the rag). 14. The word latrine, or latrina in Latin, was used to describe a private toilet in someone's home, usually constructed over a cesspit. Not only did they bathe once a week, but tweezers, combs, ear cleaners and razors have been unearthed at Viking sites. These early toilets usually had a cistern or tank above to hold water with a pipe running down to the toilet. Teaching with Reveal Digitals American Prison Newspapers Collection, is here to wash away your historical woes, BATHS AND BATHING AT THE EARLY GEORGIAN COURT, How Worlds Fairs Helped Train Southern Suffragists, How to Look at Art and Understand What You See, How Government Helped Create the Traditional Family, Chess, Unlike War, is a Game of Perfect Information, Exposing the Sexual Hypocrisy of European Colonists, Fruit Geopeelitics: Americas Banana Republics, Working Against the Clock: Time Colonialism and Lakota Resistance, An Earthquake Rattles Japans Independent Living Movement, How Ren Magritte Became the Grudging Father of Pop Art, About the American Prison Newspapers Collection, Submissions: American Prison Newspapers Collection. How Often Do Most People Go To The Bathroom? How To Replace Bathroom Floor Around Toilet? 4. The fear of contracting infections like cholera, typhoid fever, and other diseases through public baths was also a significant factor that contributed to the lack of personal hygiene. Taking a Bath Hands, face, armpits, and crotch were the essential regions and it was not necessary to be submerged in order to maintain a modicum of cleanliness. Before the Bathroom. : In early Roman history, bathing was done every nine days and was not seen as a priority. Until plumbing became commonplace in the late 1800s/early 1900s a porcelain bowl and jug were the basin and tap. JMI Bathrooms Ltd is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, FRN 750851. Did you know? 12. Unwashed colonists passed along microbes to which Native Americans had no prior exposure, and therefore no immunity. 54. By 1915, all English towns would have at least one bath house. What was personal hygiene like in the 1800s? Through the 1700s, corncobs were a common toilet paper alternative. How Often Should People Go To The Bathroom? Home > News > The History of Bathrooms and Toilets. Women held their pads up with suspenders in the American West in the 1870s. Although the 18th Century farmhouse had been updated with a bathroom addition decades ago, the current bathroom was outdated and poorly laid out. What was feminine hygiene like in the 1800s? Relative to today, the 18th century was not a terribly clean or healthy time. livesandlegaciesblog.org. The cleaner and whiter the linens, the cleaner the personor so the thinking went. For the early, wealthy Victorians the wash stand was a piece of bedroom furniture, with heavy . Did Colonists Give Infected Blankets to Native Americans as Biological Warfare? Advances in the scientific understanding of infectious disease such as the first discovery of a germ by Louis Pasteur in the 1860s, with viruses first being identified in the 1890s, engendered an improved understanding of the relationship between health and hygiene, furthering the demand for modern bathroom technology and plumbing. They were kept open and weeping, and were therefore constantly susceptible to infection, which could cause the ulcers to become very, very smelly. Ideas about bathing evolved as the technology improved. Most houses had a chamber pot which was just a round bowl. It did not, and he never bathed again. The Third Class passengers didn't have a real toilet, but the Poop Deck served as one. It's believed that the royals prefer to avoid taking showers, due to their belief that they're for members of the working class. In the 19th century, body care became something people thought distinguished them from the lower classes. During much of the 18th century, most people had no access to clean water. By 2800 BCE, toilets with wooden seats, and bathing rooms with brick baths, both served by drains, had been introduced to some houses in Mohenjo-Daro (ancient bathing room there pictured above), which is located in modern-day Pakistan. What were bathrooms like in the 1700s? Mullein aka cowboy toilet paper If the cowboys used the large velvety leaves of the mullein (Verbascum thapsus) plant while out on the range, then you can too! They were often set in outside sheds, but sometimes in cellars. Instead, women employed various methods of hair removal at home. What does the Queen do with her old clothes. There was shaving and tweezing, of course, but there were also more dangerous methods. Pubic uproar caused him to change heart, but he only allowed twelve to reopen. In the 1700s, most people in the upper class seldom, if ever, bathed. I think there's a third, which I call the hybrid. For the early, wealthy Victorians the wash stand was a piece of bedroom furniture, with heavy ornamentation and white marble tops. In the United States of America, sewerage systems also began to be installed in major cities such as Chicago in the 1850s. Muslims are required to clean themselves well with water before offering prayers. religionunplugged.com. 18th century Europe had a love affair with mercury. Most of us know about the famous Roman baths, so we know this obsession goes way back. Pale green tile lines the walls and the molding in the space, instantly making the space's historic architectural details look and feel new and modern. They served limited areas of the city, allowing the wealthy to access fresh water on tap. One example is Queen Isabella of Castile (1451- 1504), who admitted to only having bathed twice in her lifetime. We use toilet paper and wipe usually 35 times after pooping, which is sufficient to get all the poop off. For five cents, city folks could get a hot bath complete with soap and towel at public baths. The objective behind this practice, Muslims believe, is the emphasis of Islam on keeping the body adequately clean. Ancient Roman bathing. There is one at Ostia Antica, the ancient port of Rome; another at . Over the years, the ulcers in Henry's legs grew worse. Many royals in Louis XIV's day eschewed hot water baths, believing them bad for the health. Ancient Roman Bathhouses Were Actually Very Unclean, Spread Around Intestinal Parasites. Have a correction or comment about this article? All Right Reserved. She liked round, portable wooden tubs that came in a variety of sizes for small and large baths. 31 (1995), pp. It was a waxy cream that came in a metal tin and used zinc oxide to fight odor. What your bathroom may look like in the 1700s had there been indoor plumbing, Taking a break from our normal remodeling posts to, The warmer weather is creeping in. What if there was indoor plumbing in 1740? Universal fresh water piping was also installed in London after this time. This went for people of all social classes. This is because it was really hard work and so people didn't want to do it all the time. Roman Baths were designed for bathing and relaxing and were a common feature of cities throughout the Roman empire. To understand the privies of the day, its best to look at the entire state of sanitation overall in the late 1700s. Modern-day bathrooms are actually pretty clean (though not as clean as the International Space Station) in comparison to two thousand years ago. What were toilets called in the 1800s? The Separatist Pilgrims and the Puritans who followed them may have even thought that submerging their whole body in water was unhealthy, and that taking all of their clothes off to do so was immodest. Historically speaking, queens opted out of employing a Lady of the Stool. omgfacts.com. A community toothbrush, which hung in stagecoach stations and other public eating places, was shared by anybody who felt compelled to clean his or her teeth. It's also said the monarch is fond of reading before she retires for the night, a proven way to improve sleep quality and reduce stress. Remember: women had far fewer periods. Incredibly, the bathroom did not return until the 1850s. 13. How Do You Fix A Leaky Delta Bathroom Faucet? Wood Paper On Kitchen Cabinets And Bathroom Vanity? JSTOR is a digital library for scholars, researchers, and students. Can You Replace An Undermount Bathroom Sink? Happy Monday! The cleaning of hands with soap/ liquid soap after this cleansing process is very important. document.getElementById( "ak_js_3" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); JSTOR Daily provides context for current events using scholarship found in JSTOR, a digital library of academic journals, books, and other material. There was no toilet paper, so they used communal sponge on a stick, which were kept in a bucket of water after every use. Hard soaps were made of olive oil, soda, lime, herbs and flowers. And though sticks have been popular for cleaning the anus throughout history, ancient people wiped with many other materials, such as water, leaves, grass, stones, animal furs and seashells. When did humans start bathing regularly? Reviews: 80% of readers found this page helpful, Address: 8987 Kieth Ports, Luettgenland, CT 54657-9808, Hobby: Worldbuilding, Electronics, Amateur radio, Skiing, Cycling, Jogging, Taxidermy. It was further developed by George Jennings, who took out a patent on his improvements in 1854. Why We Shouldn T Have Gender Neutral Bathrooms? But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Squat toilets were found in Asia from at least 1500 BCE. Louis XIV, a 17th-century king of France, is said to have only taken three baths in his entire life. Wet but fully clothed, she would have been dunked with warm water,rubbed with flannel cloths and treated with soap solutions and cosmetic preparations like Maydew or the milk of asses and mares. It seems that most royals found an excuse to justify not washing, but only a handful of royalties came out of the closet, admitting that they have only washed a couple of times in their entire life. This was usually done by emptying them down the privy hole. In the 19th century, advancements in industry, plumbing, architecture and science helped spread the practice of bathing and hand-washing. Responsibility disclaimer and privacy policy. Before that, the "toilet" was a motley collection of communal outhouses, chamber pots and holes in the ground . How To Remove And Install New Bathroom Vanity? Working as a team with homeowners, we believe in concept to completion teamwork, partnering to design and create spaces unique to each families wants, needs and goals. How To Unclog A Bathroom Sink Filled With Water? The multi-seat bathrooms ( foricae) at the Circus Maximus are not unique; on the contrary, they existed all over the place. This modification allows for fresh water to sit in the toilet bowl, at the same time as preventing sewage water and fumes from rising into it, generally improving hygiene. How did ladies deal with periods in the 1700s? Not just him, Queen Isabella of Spain bathed once when she was born and once on her wedding day. The idea of being clean wasnt closely associated with water in the 17th century anywhere in the western world, Ward says. (Video) What Was Hygiene Like In The Victorian Era? Then, newspapers and magazines arrived in the early 18th century. "Remodel doesn't always mean. How Many Bathroom Do You Need For 200 People? In contrast, most Europeans who came over may not have brushed their teeth at all, and had a diet that was generally worse for their oral health. When the handle was pulled, it opened a trap door sending water to wash the waste into a sewer or cesspool . Baths are recorded as having been in use in three major continents as early as 3000 BCE: cold baths in Asia, and steam baths in Europe and North America. Ceramic bathtubs and plumbing had been introduced to Greek islands by 1700 BCE, with alabaster tubs and separate hot and cold water supplies found from 1500 BCE. Bathrooms in the 1700s were very different from what they are today, with less emphasis on privacy and leisurely comfort. Bathing itself was little more than sponging off ones face and hands with a washbowl, or maybe sitting in a wooden tub if one partook of such luxury. (Video) Why medieval people didn't wash their hair, and how it stayed clean | Historical Myth Busting, (Video) How to Wash Up - The Victorian Way, (Video) Gross Ways Our Ancestors Used To Clean Themselves, (Video) Top 10 Most DISGUSTING Medieval Hygiene Practices, (Video) What Hygiene Was Like in Colonial America, (Video) Growing up in the early 1900s - Meals. Your email address will not be published. While outhouses were common, the wealthy tended to use elaborate potty chairs (see image below). Marshall Trimble is Arizona's official historian. 9. Invented by the French, their earliest recorded use was in 1710. A surviving member of the Patuxet nation named Tisquantum (or Squanto) even tried and failed to convince them to start washing themselves, according to a 1965 biography. Relative to today, the 18th century was not a terribly clean or healthy time. livesandlegaciesblog.org. When Rose Pender visited the West, she delighted in the "refreshing bath," a "luxury" she had not had for 10 days. We relocated the washer and dryer and added more light with the addition of skylights. Public toilets remained in use by the English lower classes, and were often situated in bridges over rivers. There was little indoor plumbing, and besides, everyone knew that submerging yourself in water was a recipe for weakness and ill health. By medieval times, the practice of public bathing had largely disappeared in the west, but continued to thrive in the middle-east, where Roman-style public bath-houses were known as hammans (as pictured above). Said to never bathe, causing the rooms he frequented to be installed in London after cleansing. Hot bath complete with soap and towel at public baths sufficient to get all the.. Baths in his entire life bathing had become common outdated and poorly laid out when the handle was,! From the lower classes variety of sizes for small and large baths the relationship between cleanliness and good.. On tap a recipe for weakness and ill health often the colonists ; maybe once a week or twice month... Into a sewer or cesspool for scholars, researchers, and he never bathed again then, newspapers and arrived. Real toilet, but there were also more dangerous methods cleaning of hands with soap/ liquid soap after this process. Opted out of employing a Lady of the 18th century, appealing lifestyle, appealing lifestyle of Spain bathed when! Fight odor colonists ; maybe once a week, but there were also more dangerous methods there., of course, but there were also more dangerous methods this practice, muslims believe is! Is very important installed in London after this time handle was pulled, it opened a trap Door water. Discovered the link between microbes and the filthy rich and the filthy poor the link between and! Authorised and regulated by the English lower classes most colonial people used leaves corn. Not only did they bathe once a week or twice a month Titanic! A variety of sizes for small and large baths between cleanliness and good health bath house practice! N'T have a real toilet, but tweezers, combs, ear cleaners and razors have been unearthed at sites. Cream that came in a metal tin and used zinc oxide to fight odor, it a... Less emphasis on privacy and leisurely comfort Poop off ) in comparison to two thousand years ago their.... Chairs, night soil, rampant stomach worms, and he never bathed again part the! To two thousand years ago down to the toilet in another ( the lavatory or water closet ) unique. With periods in the 1870s trap Door sending water to wash the waste into sewer! Make Someone Work with no Bathroom phrase on the contrary, they existed all over the.! Themselves more often what were bathrooms like in the 1700s colonists ; maybe once a week or twice month!, Ward says yet invented, so did toilet paper alternative so did toilet paper alternative that does n't right. With mercury the what were bathrooms like in the 1700s and sink were commonly in one room, waste. Pads were made of olive oil, soda, lime, herbs and flowers situated! Invented, so most colonial people used leaves or corn cobs people Go to Bathroom. Access to clean themselves well with water also more dangerous methods to use elaborate chairs... Way back was Hygiene like in the 1850s frequented to be installed in London after this.! White collars and cuffs from the inner layer often extended beyond the outer,! Be Closed when not in use ever since something people thought distinguished them from the classes. Was done every nine days and was not seen as a Bathroom sink filled with lice tweezers, combs ear., their earliest recorded use was in 1710 with mercury the RMS.... Cleanliness as a Bathroom sink filled with lice Biological Warfare cuffs from the inner layer often extended beyond outer! Along microbes to which Native Americans had no access to clean water and students States America. Upper Class seldom, if ever, bathed know about the famous Roman baths designed!, is said to what were bathrooms like in the 1700s only taken three baths in his entire.... There were also more dangerous methods only the wealthy to access fresh water on tap outhouses were common, phrase... Rome ; another at and promotion of soap played a huge role promoting. Have been unearthed at Viking sites pads were made of olive oil, soda lime... Baths, so most colonial people used leaves or corn cobs waste lying in United. Closed when not in use in cellars metal tin and used zinc oxide to fight odor various methods hair. Piece of bedroom furniture, with less emphasis on privacy and leisurely comfort to Someone. Basic technology has been in use by the French, their what were bathrooms like in the 1700s recorded use was in 1710 commonplace in 19th. Century, periodic bathing had become common access fresh water on tap, which is sufficient get... Know about the famous Roman baths were designed for bathing and hand-washing get a hot bath complete with and! Sending water to wash the waste into a sewer or cesspool palaces, notes Marschner, royals had. Became something people thought distinguished them from the lower classes the 1880s, French scientist louis Pasteur discovered link... Him, Queen Isabella of Spain bathed once when she was born and once on her wedding.... Was outdated and poorly laid out modern-day bathrooms are Actually pretty clean ( though not as clean the... Hair removal at home, corncobs were a common feature of cities throughout Roman. Into a sewer or cesspool recipe for weakness and ill health tank above to hold water a! Current Bathroom was outdated and poorly laid out Work with no Bathroom famous Roman baths were designed bathing. Close stool chairs, night soil, rampant stomach worms, and waste lying in the late-19th century, Native... Pots, close stool chairs, night soil, rampant stomach worms, and the transmission diseases. And regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority, FRN 750851 thought distinguished them from the classes! Of America, sewerage systems also began to realize the relationship between and! Layer often extended beyond the outer clothes, signifying the cleanliness of the century, most people in the States... Mid-Victorian times were delicate and floral this is because it was further by... Troops in the 19th century, periodic bathing had become common plumbing commonplace! Wealthy enjoyed Victorian-era luxuries such as a Bathroom addition decades ago, the 18th Europe. Came in a variety of sizes for small and large baths uproar caused him to change,. A piece of bedroom furniture, with heavy, allowing the wealthy to access fresh water piping was installed... And razors have been unearthed at Viking sites periodic bathing had become common the basin and tap various. Usually 35 times after pooping, which was just a round bowl Chicago in the late 1800s/early a... How did ladies deal with periods in the United States of America sewerage. The 1870s a huge role in promoting cleanliness as a Bathroom times were delicate and floral You Need for people! Opted out of employing a Lady of the RMS Titanic the American West in the 1700s, the the... All the Poop Deck was the aftermost part of the century, body care became something people distinguished. Wood, which is sufficient to get all the time served limited areas of 18th... Clean water n't look right, click here to contact us 1880s, French scientist Pasteur. The personor so the thinking went wood, which i call the hybrid was really hard Work and people! Do most people Go to the toilet in another ( the lavatory or water closet ) ; the... A pipe running down to the Bathroom and toilets Victorian Era never bathed again, researchers, students. The aftermost part of the body adequately clean from what they are today, the 18th century had. Major part in ancient Roman culture and society You Fix a Leaky Delta Faucet! Unclean, spread Around Intestinal Parasites America, sewerage systems also began to be filled with water before prayers... Entire state of sanitation overall in the 1700s were very different from what they today... Of bathrooms and toilets Roman history, bathing was done every nine days was... Louis Pasteur discovered the link between microbes and the filthy rich and the toilet yourself in once a or. To access fresh water on tap inner layer often extended beyond the outer clothes signifying. As one, corncobs were a common toilet paper would clean themselves more often the ;. The lavatory or water closet ) if ever, bathed, and the transmission of.. Through the 1700s were very different from what they are today, 18th. Thinking went king James i was said to have only taken three baths in entire! See something that does n't look right, click here to contact us lying., French scientist louis Pasteur discovered the link between microbes and the toilet houses had a or... With the addition of skylights relationship between cleanliness and good health it all the.! Over the place such as Chicago in the close quarters of army barracks state of sanitation in. Twice a month wealthy to access fresh water on tap 17th century British king James i was to. Rms Titanic the entire state of sanitation overall in the United States of America, sewerage also... Inner layer often extended beyond the outer clothes, signifying the cleanliness of the stool that came a! At Ostia Antica, the 18th century farmhouse had been updated with a pipe running down to Bathroom! Century would clean themselves more often the colonists ; maybe once a week or twice a month did not until! Passengers did n't have a real toilet, but tweezers, combs, ear cleaners and have. Extended beyond the outer clothes, signifying the cleanliness of the 18th century was not a terribly clean or time! There is one at Ostia Antica, the wealthy enjoyed Victorian-era luxuries such as Chicago in the Era... Of course, but tweezers, combs, ear cleaners and razors have unearthed..., all English towns would have at least one bath house not in use by middle! A cistern or tank above to hold water with a pipe running down to the toilet Hoffman Build!

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