Bound in semi-stiff boards covered in dark green washi paper, wit The legislation also established the Mint of the United States. Leave a comment. Hamilton proposed a monetary system based on bimetallism, in which the new currency would be equal to a given amount of gold, or a larger amount of silver; at the time a given weight of gold was worth about 15 times as much as the same amount of silver. Bryan, who remained at his hotel, sent word to the Nebraska delegation to make no deals on his behalf. The audio portion is an excerpt. He always regarded it as the best point he made during the speech, and only the ending caused more reaction from his listeners: We say to you that you have made the definition of a business man too limited in its application. [101] According to rhetorical historian William Harpine in his study of the rhetoric of the 1896 campaign, "Bryan's speech cast a net for the true believers, but only for the true believers. Edition of 10 (this copy is #5). from Harper's Weekly, 18 July, 1896. According to Barnes: The people of the South and the West had for years been convinced of the enormity of the "crime of 1873", and they had long since come to regard silver as the sword that would cut the Gordian knot of privilege. [41], One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. According to Jones, it was clear that Bland could not win, and that Bryan could not be stopped. Subscribe 84K views 7 years ago This is a speech from Democratic Candidate William Jennings Bryan, which he originally delivered in 1896. With far less money than McKinley, Bryan embarked on a nationwide campaign tour by train on a then-unprecedented scale. The money went for speakers, pamphlets, and other means of conveying their "sound money" campaign to the voter. [75] The lengthy passage as he discussed the platform and the Republicans helped calm the audience, ensuring he would be heard as he reached his peroration. Cleveland tried to replenish the Treasury through issuance of bonds which could only be purchased with gold, with little effect but to increase the public debt, as the gold continued to be withdrawn in redemption for paper and silver currency. Bryan had been a dark horse candidate with little support in the convention. Circulars were being distributed in Illinois, and admirers in Nebraska, North Carolina, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and other states were urging his selection among their friends. Our silver Democrats went forth from victory unto victory, until they are assembled now, not to discuss, not to debate, but to enter up the judgment rendered by the plain people of this country. There were a large number of potential candidates seen as having less support; these included Vice President Adlai Stevenson of Illinois, Senator Joseph C. Blackburn of Kentucky, Senator Teller, and Bryan.[43]. BRYAN CARRIES ON THE SHOULDERS OF HIS ADMIRERS AFTER HIS ORATION. There are two ideas of government. If the gold standard is a good thing, why try to get rid of it? Unfortunately, no recordings exist of his original speech. [9], To advocates of what became known as free silver, the 1873 act became known as the "Crime of '73". This speech, delivered at the Democratic National Convention, helped win the Bryan, former Representative to Congress for Nebraska, the presidential nomination of the Democratic party. Let me call attention to two or three great things. We defy them! [35] Well aware of the overwhelming forces against them, many gold delegates were inclined to concede the platform battle. In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. The silver men were thus in the hunt for a charismatic leader who would underpin what they already desperately wanted to believe. Ah. Although Bryan ran again on a silver platform in the 1900 presidential election, the issue failed to produce the same resonance with the voters. We demand the free and unlimited coinage of both silver and gold at the present legal ratio of 16 to 1 without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation. BRYAN: CROSS OF GOLD. It was not unconstitutional when it went before the Supreme Court for the first time. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform which declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it can be changed into bimetallism by international agreement. Handout 4: Cross of Gold Speech, one copy for each student Handout 4: Cross of Gold SpeechTeacher Answer Key Handout 5: Assessment, one copy for each student Five signs on large sheets of paper or cardstock with one of the following written on each: Inflation, Deflation, Gold Notes, Silver Notes, and Greenbacks. [91] He received many letters from supporters, expressing their faith in him in stark terms. "And I needed it for the speech I was to make." Bryan later wrote, "This was another unexpected bit of good fortune. Full text and audio version of "Cross of Gold" at History Matters. "[69] The gold men, during the address, paid close attention and showed their appreciation for Bryan's oratory. Why? We believe it is a part of sovereignty and can no more with safety be delegated to private individuals than can the power to make penal statutes or levy laws for taxation. Grant Hamilton cartoon for Judge Magazine on William Jennings Bryan's "Cross of Gold" speech, Democratic National Convention, Chicago, July 9, 1896. A third attempt in early 1878 again passed the House, and eventually both houses after being amended in the Senate. Cleveland friend and former Postmaster General Donald M. Dickinson wrote to the President in June 1896 hoping that the delegates would recognize "common sense" and be frightened at the thought of nominating a radical. [93] The Republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for Bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. Congress did so, but the debates showed bitter divides in both major parties between silver and gold factions. Mr. McKinley was nominated at St. Louis upon a platform that declared for the maintenance of the gold standard until it should be changed into bimetallism by an international agreement. Here is the line of battle. In January 1791, at the request of Congress, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton issued a report on the currency. "[55] Hill gave a calm speech defending the gold position, and swayed few delegates. The Democratic idea, however, has been that if you legislate to make the masses prosperous, their prosperity will find its way up through every class which rests upon them. We are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. [3], In the early 19th century, the economic disruption caused by the Napoleonic Wars caused United States gold coins to be worth more as bullion than as money, and they vanished from circulation. [4] When silver prices rose relative to gold as a reaction to the California Gold Rush, silver coinage was worth more than face value, and rapidly flowed overseas for melting. [38] On the evening of July 5, Bryan was visited by a delegation of Coloradans, seeking his support for Senator Teller. [Note on the recording: In 1896 recording technology was in its infancy, and recording a political convention would have been impossible. More than a century after Bryan delivered that speech, his words still have power, and some of his metaphors still appear in political speeches and platforms. The gentleman from New York says that he will propose an amendment providing that this change in our law shall not affect contracts which, according to the present laws, are made payable in gold. Although Bryan had decided on a strategy to gain the nominationto give a speech which would make him the logical candidate in the eyes of delegateshe faced obstacles along the way. They have tried for thirty yearsthirty yearsto secure an international agreement, and those are waiting for it most patiently who dont want it at all. My friends, we shall declare that this nation is able to legislate for its own people on every question without waiting for the aid or consent of any other nation on earth, and upon that issue we expect to carry every single state in the Union. Cross of Gold speech, classic of American political oratory delivered on July 8, 1896, by William Jennings Bryan in closing the debate on the party platform at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago during the campaign for the presidential election of 1896. That is the question which the party must answer first, and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. Behind the scenes and the irony: -fueling of the trucks uncaring of the president iv. Never before in the history of this country has there been witnessed such a contest as that through which we have just passed. (The cartoon appeared in the post-dated July 7 issue of Harper's Weekly, published in late June.) But note the change. You come to us and tell us that the great cities are in favor of the gold standard; we reply that the great cities rest upon our broad and fertile prairies. The bankers did not want loans repaid in an inflated currencythe gold standard was deflationary, and as creditors, they preferred to be paid in such a currency, whereas debtors preferred to repay in inflated currency. "[60] Bensel noted, "The pump was more than primed, it was ready to explode. Other copies or versions of these images might be available elsewhere. The government pledged to stand behind the silver dollars and treasury notes issued under the act by redeeming them in gold. [33] Silver forces were supported by the Democratic National Bimetallic Committee, the umbrella group formed in 1895 to support silver Democrats in their insurgency against Cleveland. In 1921 (25 years after the original speech), he recorded portions of the speech for Gennett Records in Richmond, Indiana. free coinage of silver at silver-gold ratio of 16 to 1 issue in Bryan's Cross of Gold speech The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. Our war is not a war of conquest. He cared about politics and his religion equally. Will it choose blessings or cursingslife or deathwhich? Why, that man who used to boast that he looked like Napoleon, that man shudders today when he thinks that he was nominated on the anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo. William Jennings Bryan and the Cross of Gold Speech - US 101 - YouTube In 1896, former Nebraska Congressman William Jennings Bryan became the Democratic nominee for President by delivering. "[67] By then, as he spoke in a sincere tone, his voice sounded clearly and loudly through the hall. How is it today? So if they come to meet us on that, we can present the history of our nation. [42] Going into the convention, the two leading candidates for the nomination were former Congressman Bland, who had originated the Bland-Allison Act, and former Iowa Governor Horace Boies, with Bland considered the frontrunner. The temporary chairmanship, for example, would have permitted him to deliver the keynote address. We reply to them that changing conditions make new issues; that the principles upon which rest Democracy are as everlasting as the hills; but that they must be applied to new conditions as they arise. He then lowered them, descended from the podium, and began to head back to his seat as the stillness held. Pursuant to this promise, government gold reserves dwindled over the following three years. Gold Democrats looked to the President for leadership, but Cleveland, trusting few in his party, did not involve himself further in the gold efforts, but spent the week of the convention fishing off the New Jersey coast. [96] Bryan spoke on silver throughout the campaign; he rarely addressed other issues. The President's move was opposed by the Democratic Governor of Illinois, John Altgeld. [32], The 1896 Democratic convention opened at the Chicago Coliseum on July 7, 1896. [50], "Pitchfork Ben" Tillman lived up to his nickname with an incendiary address which began with a reference to his home state's role in beginning the Civil War. That is the question that the party must answer first; and then it must be answered by each individual hereafter. Our ancestors, when but 3 million, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation upon earth. 1896 speech by U.S. politician William Jennings Bryan in support of a bimetallic standard, William Jennings Bryan being carried on the shoulders of delegates after giving the speech, Also attributed to an 1892 speech by President, For additional detail on the political career of William Jennings Bryan before and during the 1896 campaign, see, For a fuller explanation of the procedures of American political conventions, see, Possible recording of the original speech, Audio excerpt of the speech later recorded by William Jennings Bryan, William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896, United States presidential nominating convention, William Jennings Bryan presidential campaign, 1896 General election campaign, Official Proceedings of the 1896 Democratic National Convention. Latuff here in this cartoon is showing the uncaring of the president to the country. Let me assure him that not one person in all this convention entertains the least hostility to the people of the state of Massachusetts. Therefore, we care not upon what lines the battle is fought. The person who gave the Cross of Gold speech was the orator and politician William Jennings Bryan. [81] Newspaper accounts of the convention leave little doubt but that, had a vote been taken at that moment (as many were shouting to do), Bryan would have been nominated. For twenty years, Americans had been bitterly divided over the nation's monetary standard. Three months later, at Memphis, an organization was perfected, and the silver Democrats went forth openly and boldly and courageously proclaiming their belief and declaring that if successful they would crystallize in a platform the declaration which they had made; and then began the conflict with a zeal approaching the zeal which inspired the crusaders who followed Peter the Hermit. However, he stated, facing towards the gold delegates, "when you come before us and tell us that we are about to disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your course. If they ask us here why it is we say more on the money question than we say upon the tariff question, I reply that if protection has slain its thousands the gold standard has slain its tens of thousands. What we oppose in that plank is the life tenure that is being built up in Washington which establishes an office-holding class and excludes from participation in the benefits the humbler members of our society. Historian James A. Barnes, in his historical journal article pointing out myths that have arisen about Bryan's candidacy and campaign, stated that Bryan's efforts bore fruit even before the convention: By April, 1896, many individuals were quietly working for Bryan's nomination. My God! W.J. 2023 The Granger Collection LTD d/b/a GRANGER - Historical Picture Archive. Railway employees had refused to handle Pullman cars in sympathy with the strikers; this action threatened to paralyze the nation's rail lines. The silver campaign of 1896 was a big controversy among the people. But in this contest, brother has been arrayed against brother, and father against son. However, Bryan, lacking a seat at the start of the convention, could not be elected temporary chairman. I am in favor of an income tax. The income tax was not unconstitutional when it was passed. We do not come as aggressors. Lafayette, CA: d press, 1995. As Hill moved to the podium, a reporter friend passed Bryan a note urging him to make a patriotic speech without hint of sectionalism; Bryan responded, "You will not be disappointed. One Indiana voter wrote, "God has sent you amongst our people to save the poor from starvation, and we no [sic] you will save us. Some of the impoverished died of disease or starvation; others killed themselves.[15]. [2] On April 2, 1792, Congress passed the Mint Act of 1792. (This inflationary measure would have increased the amount of money in circulation and aided cash-poor and debt-burdened farmers.) Source: Official Proceedings of the Democratic National Convention Held in Chicago, Illinois, July 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, 1896, (Logansport, Indiana, 1896), 226234. Therefore, we care not upon what lines the battle is fought. He favored the monetary policy . The speech was given at the Democratic National Convention, so the audience was pledged delegates from the 50 states of the US so that . The image that is selected for the analysis is from the pre-1856 epoch of US history, and it represents the imagination of the political and social life as it was imagined by artists. The full text of William Jenning Bryan's famous "Cross of Gold" speech appears below. Image No. [18], Despite the repeal of the act, economic conditions failed to improve. They complain about the plank which declares against the life tenure in office. [31], Many state conventions elected delegates pledged to support bimetallism in the party platform. Afrocentrists, Evangelicals, Hebrew-Israelites and the False Revolution. The platform would symbolize the repudiation of Cleveland and his policies after the insurgents' long struggle, and Bryan was determined to close the debate on the platform. It marked the first american victory over a European power. On the fifth ballot, the Illinois delegation, led by Governor Altgeld, switched its votes from Bland to Bryan. Second, like many people, Bryan thought the gold standard disadvantaged the working classes and farmers by keeping the price of debt high. It showed American support for european economic interests in East Africa. It simply intends to put the burdens of government justly upon the backs of the people. Although his statements nominally responded to a point made by Russell, Bryan had thought of the argument the previous evening, and had not used it in earlier speeches. There are those who believe that, if you will only legislate to make the well-to-do prosperous, their prosperity will leak through on those below. Despite vocal opposition led by Tennessee Representative (and future president) Andrew Johnson, the precious metal content of smaller silver coins was reduced in 1853. One farmer in the gallery had been about to leave rather than listen to Bryan, whom he deemed a Populist; he had been persuaded to stay. [95] However, Bryan did gain the support of the Populists, as well as a convention of Silver Republicans. Political Cartoon featuring William Jennings Bryan carrying the "Cross of Gold . The dissidents nominated their own ticket; the split in the vote would contribute to Bryan's defeat. The only gold man who put together any sort of campaign for the Democratic nomination was Treasury Secretary One of the leaders of the silver movement was Illinois Governor Altgeld; a native of Germany, he was constitutionally barred from the presidency by his foreign birth. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. "[80], It took about 25minutes to restore order, and according to Bensel, "somewhere in the mass demonstration that was convulsing the convention hall, the transfer of sentiment from silver as a policy to Bryan as a presidential candidate took place". [87], According to the New York World, "Lunacy having dictated the platform, it was perhaps natural that hysteria should evolve the candidate. The 1880s saw a steep decline in the prices of grain and other agricultural commodities. Content can enter the public domain when copyright has expired, has been forfeited or is not applicable. The majority of cartoons are from the 1908 campaigan, but there cartoons that feature 1920 election and Bryan's borther Charles Bryan. Updates? [90] The only paper to predict, after Bryan gave his speech, that he would not be nominated was The Wall Street Journal, which stated, "Bryan has had his day". In his address, Bryan supported "free silver" (i.e. He faced in the direction of the gold-dominated state delegations: There are two ideas of government. Political cartoons historically and currently play a significant role in public discourse about serious and important issues. When you come before us and tell us that we shall disturb your business interests, we reply that you have disturbed our business interests by your action. . The year 1894 saw considerable labor unrest. Bryan's "Cross of Gold" Speech: Mesmerizing the Masses The most famous speech in American political history was delivered by William Jennings Bryan on July 9, 1896, at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. "[89] The New York Times disparaged Bryan as "the gifted blatherskite from Nebraska". "[61] Bryan would say little that he had not said beforethe text is similar to that of a speech he had given the previous week at Crete, Nebraska[62]but he would give the convention its voice. Our ancestors, when but three millions in number, had the courage to declare their political independence of every other nation; shall we, their descendants, when we have grown to seventy millions, declare that we are less independent than our forefathers? As a Democratic member of the Ways and Means Committee through two Congresses, Mr. Bryan was by all odds the ablest and strongest orator on the Democratic side of the House. [1][78], Now, Bryan was ready to conclude the speech, and according to his biographer, Michael Kazin, step "into the headlines of American history". During the convention, he. [28], Bryan believed that he could, if nominated, unite the disaffected behind a strong silver campaign. [7] This would inflate the money supply, and, adherents argued, increase the nation's prosperity. Bryan, a former Democratic congressman from Nebraska, gained his party's presidential nomination in July of that year after electrifying the Democratic National Convention with his Cross of Gold speech. Why, as individuals we might have been glad to compliment the gentleman from New York [Senator Hill], but we knew that the people for whom we speak would never be willing to put him in a position where he could thwart the will of the Democratic Party. Our war is not a war of conquest; we are fighting in the defense of our homes, our families, and posterity. However, as late as June, the gold forces, which still controlled the Democratic National Committee (DNC), continued to believe that the nominee could be pro-gold. [63], I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were a mere measuring of abilities; but this is not a contest between persons. My friend, in this land of the free you need fear no tyrant who will spring up from among the people. Historian Stanley Jones, in his study of the 1896 election, suggests that western Democrats would have opposed Cleveland even if the party had held its congressional majority in 1894; with the disastrous defeat, they believed the party would be wiped out in the West if it did not support silver. The next day the convention nominated Bryan for President on the fifth ballot. 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