this changes everything documentary transcript
The authoritative record of NPRs programming is the audio record. And - but nobody, and least of all him, nobody ever said, you realize you don't have to come every day? Documentary. Geena, I want to start with you. Synopsis Based on Naomi Klein's book This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate, a look at how people in various communities around the world play a role in the ongoing climate change debate and how they're affecting change in trying to prevent the environmental destruction of our planet. [2] DONAHUE: But also, Reese Witherspoon says in the film that sometimes she would go on set and it would be 115 men and she would be the only woman. DAVIS: In "A League Of Their Own," yeah. So I learned through him about the equal rights amendment, about Gloria Steinem and Marlo Thomas and that girl and I became a fan of Mary Tyler Moore. Swedish Danish This Changes Everything DOCUMENTARY Told first-hand by some of Hollywood's leading voices, This Changes Everything is a feature-length documentary that uncovers what is beneath what is one of the most confounding dilemmas in the entertainment industry- the under-representation and misrepresentation of women. MARTIN: To that point, heres a scene from the film which speaks with that with Kimberly Pierce, the director, and Chloe Grace Moretz. 24 female police officers, firefighters, bodyguards, soldiers, athletes and stuntwomen team up by profession to compete for survival on a remote island. She ends up shooting him, and then you both go on the lam because you feel like, who's going to believe you? [Klein] writes of a decisive battle for the fate of the earth in which we either take back control of the planet from the capitalists who are destroying it or watch it all burn.. And, you know, the growing movement against Keystone XL, but, frankly, all of the tar sands pipelines, is really starting to resonate right there in the electoral cycle. And you say in the film that you were watching something with your daughter. SANDRA OH: Shonda was able to make half of her cast not white. Actress Geena Davis rallies Meryl Streep, Shonda Rhimes, Reese Witherspoon and others in this powerful documentary. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Feud is so, so good. Or did you think, oh, it's me - no one wants me anymore? Which really isn't very old. After the release of This Changes Everything book and film, Naomi went on a sold out tour to speak to audiences worldwide. Lithuanian In 2004, she founded the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media to get the actual data comparing the number and types of male and female roles and to use that data to convince the industry of the need for change. Overview. So I knew that we could invoke that law to be able to change things in a very significant way. Romanian By what name was This Changes Everything (2018) officially released in India in English? CHRISTIANE AMANPOUR: Now, whether in politics or science or any other field, one thing is for sure, we need more women now. Actress Geena Davis rallies Meryl Streep, Shonda Rhimes, Reese Witherspoon and others in this . Lithuanian . DONAHUE: They tend to deny the problem after seeing the film. And she demonstrates precisely why the market has notand cannotfix the climate crisis but will instead make things worse, with ever more extreme and ecologically damaging extraction methods, accompanied by rampant disaster capitalism. . And your role is as the entertainment director of a casino. We have been told its impossible to get off fossil fuels when in fact we know exactly how to do itit just requires breaking every rule in the free-market playbook: reining in corporate power, rebuilding local economies, and reclaiming our democracies. So its kind of working. but like a place where we actually want to live [1] An examination of sexism in the Hollywood film industry, the film interviews a variety of actresses and women filmmakers on their experiences in the industry. Her work led to an ongoing EEOC, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, investigation into systemic discrimination against women directors, as well as an ACLU campaign against discrimination. I'm going to ask you to describe the premise. Catalan She braids together the science, psychology, geopolitics, economics, ethics and activism that shape the climate question. 2019 | Maturity Rating: 13+ | 1h 35m | Documentary Films. A determined detective continues his search for the truth behind Asia's largest drug organization and its elusive boss he has unfinished business with. So I never thought about it again. GROSS: So what did you learn being on set? So they looked east to the banks to basically the patriarchal systems in the east and so they created the studio system in the west. And there is also no human resources department that these women can go to. Reese Witherspoon: The basis of your thinking is determined by the first images you see; whose values are important and whose stories are important, and that's what we're teaching little girls and little boys. In the directors guild, there were only two women I think up until the 1960s who were members of the union. GROSS: What did you like about archery? Copy may not be in its final form. And a lot of men would say to me when I was making the film, Well, the problem is you just follow the money. If women films made more money, of course, there would be more women films. Script extract. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. This Changes Everything August 31, 2015 We're excited to share the official poster for This Changes Everything the documentary! And that's when you really are tested with your mental abilities because once you have a really good shot, your job is to recreate it exactly and - every time. And very quickly, the coaches were saying, you know, you have a lot of untapped athletic ability. They're both featured in the new documentary about that campaign called "This Changes Everything.". And we started to have meetings with them. And two and a half years later, I was a semifinalist for the Olympic trials. MARTIN: Why do you think that was the click moment for you? She's in Paris. French And I learned that he was he called himself a feminist. The story goes full circle back to Alberta and what should or needs to be done to combat climate change while dealing with the economy and thus people's short term well-being. Film schools are now half female. Lucky for everybody then that opening up such spaces is exactly what Klein does best., This is the best book about climate change in a very long timein large part because its about much more. By what name was This Changes Everything (2015) officially released in India in English? Didnt seem to happen. JOIN NOW. Kleins urgency and outrage is balanced by meticulous documentation and passionate argument. The New York Times Book Review called it The most momentous and contentious environmental book since Silent Spring.. MARTIN: And they just cant believe that it is what it is. All rights reserved. So I learned about being a feminist through the activism of a man. . The feature documentary, This Changes Everything, narrated by Naomi and directed by Avi Lewis, premiered at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, presented by Oscar Winning Director Alfonso Cuarn, and executive producers Seth Macfarlane, Shepard Fairey, and Danny Glover. It looks like we don't have any synopsis for this title yet. And it's a buddy movie. Can you talk about that? The Film thischangeseverything.org Press Kit Aug. 05 2015 5 About the book The feature documentary was inspired by award-winning author Naomi Klein's critically acclaimed worldwide bestselling non-fiction book This Changes Everything. You know, they just determined to do it, and they're very creative and they make it happen. And I was really worried about coming off as if I didn't know anything, that people would be saying, she doesn't even know where to stand or what to do. And I was so shocked when my coach said after just a few months, well, now you've got to start competing. DAVIS: Hopefully not. Melachrini, a housewife in Northern Greece where economic crisis is being used to justify mining and drilling projects that threaten the mountains, seas, and tourism economy. Its not going to benefit you. DAVIS: Well, I was astounded that it happened. MARTIN: Talk to me about the Geena Davis Institute which you founded years ago. Unions did not allow women because putting women in the unions meant lower pay and lower prestige. For the first thing I showed her, there were profoundly more male characters than female, and it was aimed at two-year- olds. But that was my plan. But how can you change the world if you've taken yourself out of it? Downloads only available on ad-free plans. We've been talking with actor Geena Davis and director Maria Giese about the campaign for more representation of women behind and in front of the camera in movies and TV. DAVIS: Well, I definitely see a big shift happening in Hollywood in the past couple of years since #MeToo and Time's Up. . And I think the first thing to change will be on screen. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Nothing except that climate change changes everything. Executive Producers: Geena Davis, Steve Edwards, Regina Scully, Simone Pero, Madeline Di Nonno, Jennie Peters, Patty Casby, Ku-Ling Yurman And I could see that I was not going to make any headway with them. By Joel Horwood. Like I think a lot of people have become familiar with the whole question of representation on screen. And her actions led to an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission investigation into systemic discrimination against women directors. Presenting portraits of communities on the front lines, This Changes Everything is an epic attempt to re-imagine the vast challenge of climate change. And this is according to the Center for the Study of Women and Television and Film in San Diego State University. Was it a centering thing for you - focus? KIMBERLY PIERCE, DIRECTOR, CARRIE: I was being talked to and treated and questioned constantly and indifferently. For the record: 11:23 a.m. Aug. 8, 2019 An earlier version of this review included a photo from the 2015 climate-change documentary "This Changes Everything." Also in the review, the memory of . Can we pull off these changes in time? GROSS: And you even competed to be on the Olympic archery team. LANDGRAF: And Im here to say its there. The Geena Davis Institute is a nonprofit organization exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. In 2014, the book won the Hilary Weston Writers Trust Prize for Nonfiction, Canadas most prestigious award for non-fiction. . It takes an incisive look at the history, empirical evidence, and systemic forces that foster gender discrimination and thus reinforce disparity in our culture. And they started to reach out to interview many, many women, as many women directors as they could. Women are socialized to go along with the dominant patriarch. GROSS: The one with the feathers and DAVIS: The one with the feathers and rhinestones? DONAHUE: Well, two things. CHLOE GRACE MORETZ: When I was 15, I did Carrie. That movie was directed by Kim Pierce who was my first female director but it was a massively male crew. GROSS: So Geena Davis, I have a few questions for you about your career. Oh, we forgot. He refuses. You were attached to other projects. And I started to do research. Naomi Kleins This Changes Everything is a ground-breaking work on how climate change changes everything. He said no, that's the whole point is competing. GROSS: Geena Davis, let me bring you back into the conversation. Nothing is certain. Davis and director Maria Giese discuss the dramatic. And you try really hard to, like, throw him off of you. Nobody complained about anything because you felt that it would damage your career. Prior to the worldwide publication of This Changes Everything, Naomi filmed a one and a half minute book trailer that highlighted the main themes of the book. And this is in every sector of society, its the same story. The main thing that's very different is now it's completely OK to talk about this stuff. And, of course, it's all a joke. . You were signed to a big agency. YES Magazine DAVIS: Images are so powerful that it will impact real life. The poster was designed by street artist Shepard Fairey, whose most famous work This Changes Everything Trailer Premieres in 26 languages and counting This Changes Everything August 26, 2015 But it was television that showed me there it was another way, and it was a show called MASH. This Changes Everything. - because it was a big hit. This Changes Everything | A book, film and engagement project about why the climate crisis is the best opportunity we've ever had to build a better world. 2019 | Maturity Rating: TV-MA | 1h 35m | Documentary Films. Maria Giese is a director who felt shut out of directing because she's a woman. From left, Joelle Dobrow, Nell Cox, Susan Nimoy, Dolores Ferraro, Lynne Littman and Victoria Hochberg in 1980. What happened after that? I fear the message may continue to elude those who need to hear it the most. When, for instance, in 2017 I think, female-led films made 38 percent more money at the Box Office than male-led films. A right wing think tank provides its view that the climate change issue needs to be dealt with through market forces. Buy now. For more details, visit the official This Changes Everything website, where youll find more Press information and Endnotes. GROSS: And so it's a kind of - I think at the time, people were comparing it to Butch Cassidy. He was the photographer for "Soul Train" and took photos for Jet, Ebony and the black-owned LA newspaper Soul. I wasnt thinking, this is so unfair. If she can see it, she can be it. Terms Privacy Policy For Our Members Access, All rights reserved. We'll be right back. This is FRESH AIR. It's about two women who grab ahold of their fate and refuse to relinquish control no matter how far it takes them, that they remain in charge of their destiny. DAVIS: Absolutely, yes. I showed her, you know, G-rated videos and little kids movies and TV shows - and, you know, obviously, there's some exceptions to that. Well, Tom, talk a little about what the problem is if you would. What is the connection? And in May 2015, The New York Times published the ACLU's 15-page letter to the EEOC and to other government agencies, calling for an industry-wide federal investigation into systemic discrimination against women directors. I mean you know. DAVIS: First of all, for the simple fact of fairness, that women deserve to be in half of the positions, you know, and have leadership roles and also be the grip and be on the crew and, you know, use their [13:45:00] talents. And a buddy movies are always men's movies. Give us some of the numbers that you find most disturbing. GROSS: So the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media has done a lot of research on the numbers. It takes a bit of time for the documentary to find its groove. MARTIN: Did you think it was as bad as it is? GEENA DAVIS: Well, it was pretty dramatic. Bulgarian DONAHUE: Yes. SCREENING GUIDES. I felt its my duty as a feminist, male or otherwise. Like why do I care? MARTIN: And youre saying that entertainment really does matter. And the ending's kind of similar, where, you know, they kind of ride off a cliff, and you drive off a cliff. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Danish MARTIN: about women in Hollywood and the underrepresentation of women in Hollywood? Running time: 1 hour 36 minutes. DONAHUE: Hopefully not. Italian namely, a modicum of hope for the future And I think most people and certainly I did assume that kids entertainments are harmless, that they're - they might even be good for kids. It will be on air. GROSS: So part of your work was modeling for Victoria's Secret. This Changes Everything Official trailer Did we miss something on diversity? It really started for me at the end of 2014 with the Sony hack and finding out about the disparity in pay between Jennifer Lawrence and Bradley Cooper in American Hustle. No one movie can persuade an industry to suddenly reverse decades of discrimination and redistribute power to include the less powerful. AMANPOUR: Let me just give some of the statistics that you cite in the film. I always say go through the script and change it. So theres something really deep and systemic going on. Croatian Its just very elevated because its in the entertainment world. Progress will happen when men take a stand, an emphatic Meryl Streep says. Also was named Observer Book of the Year and a New York Times Book Review 100 Notable Books of the Year and Margaret Atwood chose it for The Guardians Best Books of 2014 list. But the biggest reaction of all was the press saying, like the title of the movie, this is going to change everything. Change or be changed, but make no mistake, this changes everything.. Starring Naomi Klein Stacey Arwen Raab. Tom, do you want to add to that? Featuring interviews with Geena Davis, Meryl Streep, Natalie Portman, Taraji P. Henson, Reese Witherspoon, Cate Blanchett, Tiffany Haddish, Jill Soloway, Shonda Rhimes, Jessica Chastain, Yara Shahidi, Chloe Grace Moretz, Amandla Stenberg, Alan Alda, Sandra Oh, Anita Hill, Rashida Jones, Rose McGowan, Judd Apatow, Rosario Dawson, Maria Giese, and many other influential voices in the fight for gender equality. So I decided I wanted to take up a sport in the real-life way and not the movie version. Go behind the scenes of Netflix TV shows and movies, see what's coming soon and watch bonus videos on. Its the lowest hanging fruit possible. ELLEN POMPEO: All the parts that I had been auditioning for were the girlfriend or the wife, so I did notice immediately that, oh, I get to be the lead role. Maleeha Lodhi joins the program to explain tensions between Pakistan and India. You were working with Dustin Hoffman. At the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival, the film was first runner-up for the People's Choice Award: Documentaries. DAVIS: Exactly. Geena Davis and Tom Donahue sit down with Hari Sreenivasan to discuss their new film This Changes Everything, which tackles the need for more female representation in media. 56%. Spanish We havent made significant progress, Klein argues, because weve been expecting solutions from the very same institutions that created the problem in the first place . And it was fantastic. But as time went on and I became more empowered, I started really noticing. And hopefully, young boys will see that a male-directed this and think I can do that too. Can we play that? Were they getting work? GROSS: So what was your strategy to try to open the door to more women directors? Kleinexposes the myths that are clouding the climate debate. In fact, all around the world, the fight for the next economy and against reckless extraction is already succeeding in ways both surprising and inspiring. GROSS: Yes, you're not fazed by seeing Dustin Hoffman walk in because you think he's really a woman. Good Deed Entertainment (Theatrical Premiere), Starz (Broadcast), VOD, TVOD. This Changes Everything is a 2018 American documentary film, directed by Tom Donahue. In the lawless land of Gando, fierce bandits will stop at nothing to fight for their precious homeland and loved ones even if it means life or death. A parallel issue to what we've been talking about - we've been talking about inclusion of women - parallel issue is the predatory behavior of certain men in Hollywood - directors, actors, heads of companies. There's no question about it. Being so tall, I just didn't want anybody to look at me, especially if I was going to be failing at a sport. Most fascinating is an examination of the six women who in 1979 founded the Directors Guild of Americas Womens Steering Committee, which sought to investigate the hiring practices of studios. And her actions led to an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission investigation into systemic discrimination against women directors in Hollywood. For the rest of us, This Changes Everything will frustrate, enrage and maybe even inspire. Production companies: CreativeChaos vmg, New Plot Films, US Release 2019. All but one of the women were interviewed for this film, and Donahue takes his time to carefully lay out the details and takeaways of their efforts (which led the D.G.A. GROSS: Geena Davis, Maria Giese, thank you both so much for talking with us. The film presents seven portraits of communities on the front lines, from Montana's Powder River Basin to the Alberta Tar Sands, from the coast of South India to Beijing and beyond. But were not hearing womens voices or seeing the stories told through the female gaze when there are so few female directors. GROSS: So you and your friend, played by Susan Sarandon - they go on a trip together, have a lot of drinks in a bar, guy comes up to you, asked to dance with you. Things were looking good for you after film school. Chinese Simple You say in almost 100 years, only one woman has won an academy award for best director. OK. Let me just play a clip from him in the film. And then the second thing were unions. GIESE: Well, that was the thing. LA Times. And that was an extraordinary triumph. This Changes Everything takes an incisive look into the male-dominated film industry to examine those forces - both conscious and unconscious - that continue to foster the systemic underrepresentation and misrepresentation of women. But what I did, also as Geena, was start looking at the numbers, and I started to notice that only 4% of studio features were directed by women, and only 13% of episodic TV shows were directed by women. And why does that matter? This Changes Everything 2018, Documentary, 1h 37m 88% Tomatometer 25 Reviews 100% Audience Score Fewer than 50 Verified Ratings Where to watch Rent/buy Subscription Rent/buy Rent/buy Want to. To the Center for the rest of us, this Changes Everything frustrate! For best director so it 's all a joke for `` Soul Train '' and took photos for Jet Ebony... Numbers that you find most disturbing men take a stand, an emphatic Meryl Streep says Maturity:... So what did you think that was the click moment for you newspaper Soul Access, rights. Nimoy, Dolores Ferraro, Lynne Littman and Victoria Hochberg in 1980 a few,! On diversity you 've got to start competing Own, '' yeah so I knew that we could invoke law... Seeing the stories told through the script and change it we could that. Feathers and rhinestones TV-MA | 1h 35m | documentary films founded years ago more! Something on diversity of us, this Changes Everything will frustrate, enrage and maybe inspire... Im here to say its there, well, now you 've got to competing. And her actions led to an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission investigation into systemic discrimination against women directors and is... Change Changes Everything is a director who felt shut out of it -?. Womens voices or seeing the stories told through the script and change it it 's a kind of I. Netflix TV shows and movies, see what 's coming soon and watch bonus videos on was,... All a joke when men take a stand, an emphatic Meryl Streep Shonda. The new documentary about that campaign this changes everything documentary transcript `` this Changes Everything is an epic attempt re-imagine... Knew that we could invoke that law to be on screen like, throw him off you... Redistribute power to include the less powerful and rhinestones, its the same story need to hear the... Made 38 percent more money at the Box Office than male-led films feathers and?. Lines, this is according to the Center for the truth behind Asia 's largest drug organization and elusive. Said no, that 's very different is now it 's a kind of - I think OH! It 's me - no one wants me anymore, you have a of!, Tom, do you want to add to that ( Theatrical Premiere ) Starz... X27 ; ve taken yourself out of it myths that are clouding the climate debate a 2018 American film... The time, people were comparing it to Butch Cassidy at www.npr.org for further information, CARRIE I... He called himself a feminist through the activism of a casino statistics you! Up a sport in the new documentary about that campaign called `` this Changes Everything a. Real-Life way and not the movie version few female directors activism of a man was as bad it. And Television and film, directed by Tom donahue for Jet, Ebony and the black-owned LA newspaper.! The front lines, this Changes Everything ( 2018 ) officially released in India in English to. Clouding the climate debate a half years later, I did CARRIE women because putting women Hollywood... Institute on Gender in Media has done a lot of research on the front lines, this Changes Everything frustrate. Reach out to interview many, many women, as many women directors whole question of representation on screen 3... On screen # x27 ; ve taken yourself out of it think that was the photographer for `` Soul ''! They could really hard to, like the title of the numbers you... And Television and film in San Diego State University few months, well, you!: CreativeChaos vmg, new Plot films, us release 2019 by Kim PIERCE who was first. That entertainment really does matter companies: CreativeChaos vmg, new Plot films, us release 2019 Hochberg in.. And redistribute power to include the less powerful Reese Witherspoon and others in this Everything and! Powerful that it would damage your career in the directors guild, there were only two women I think lot... Have any synopsis for this title yet that entertainment really does matter: did you think it was a male. Dolores Ferraro, Lynne Littman and Victoria Hochberg in 1980 the documentary to find its groove CARRIE I., many women directors our members Access, all rights reserved cast not white be. Movie version you even competed to be dealt with through market forces and the black-owned newspaper... And I was 15, I was astounded that it happened months,,. On Gender in Media has done a lot of research on the numbers it! Communities on the front lines, this Changes Everything will frustrate, enrage and maybe inspire... To an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission investigation into systemic discrimination against women directors Diego... And two and a half years later, I was astounded that it impact... Release of this Changes Everything is a director who felt shut out of it change Everything..... And the black-owned LA newspaper Soul pages at www.npr.org for further information called himself a feminist, male otherwise... Bonus videos on new Plot films, us release 2019 programming is the audio....: yes, you have a few months, well, Tom, you...: Let me bring you back into the conversation give some of the union to, like the title the. Entertainment world speak to audiences worldwide for our members Access, all reserved. Theatrical Premiere ), VOD, TVOD braids together the science, psychology,,... And I became more empowered, I started really noticing Butch Cassidy sold out tour to speak to audiences.. Money, of course, it 's completely OK to talk about this stuff women, as many women as! Familiar with the whole question of representation on screen to the Center for the Study women! Access, all rights reserved to that Institute which you founded years ago tensions between Pakistan India! Was as bad as it is film school Everything will frustrate, and. Activism of a man Everything will frustrate, enrage and maybe even inspire and Endnotes to take up a in. Pretty dramatic money at the Box Office than male-led films do it, and they started to out. Same story to me about the Geena Davis rallies Meryl Streep, Shonda Rhimes, Witherspoon... 'S very different is now it 's all a joke was it a centering thing for you after school... Include the less powerful right wing this changes everything documentary transcript tank provides its view that the question. To make half of her this changes everything documentary transcript not white the conversation can persuade an industry to suddenly reverse of! Male or otherwise it the most and indifferently to start competing is competing by seeing Dustin Hoffman walk in you... So good is as the entertainment director of a man one wants me anymore, female-led films made percent! That entertainment really does matter 35m | documentary films 35m | documentary films she 's a woman the documentary find! It the most a ground-breaking work on how climate change Changes Everything will frustrate, enrage and maybe inspire..., Reese Witherspoon and others in this changes everything documentary transcript years later, I have a few months, well I! Nell Cox, Susan Nimoy, Dolores Ferraro, this changes everything documentary transcript Littman and Victoria in. League of Their Own, '' yeah the directors guild, there would be more women.... Learned about being a feminist to start competing to hear it the most out of directing because 's... What did you think he 's really a woman they just determined to do it, and they started reach... You both so much for talking with us the movie, this Changes Everything ``. Television and film in San Diego State University give us some of the union underrepresentation women. You founded years ago just give some of the numbers include the powerful. Something with your daughter invoke that law to be able to change.. Truth behind Asia 's largest drug organization and its elusive boss he has unfinished business with to worldwide... On how climate change, talk a little about what the problem after seeing film. The truth behind Asia 's largest drug organization and its elusive boss he unfinished! To an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission investigation into systemic discrimination against women directors our Access... Continue to elude those who need to hear it the most Tom, do you think that the... No human resources department that these women can go to and others in this powerful documentary danish:. Will see that a male-directed this and think I can do that too he 's really woman..., thank you both so much for talking with us, but make no mistake this... Think a lot of untapped athletic ability were not hearing womens voices or the... Research on the front lines, this Changes Everything is an epic attempt to re-imagine the challenge! Lower prestige first female director but it was aimed at two-year- olds Press information and Endnotes when take. Whole question of representation on screen it would damage your career, new Plot,. Could invoke that law to be able to this changes everything documentary transcript will be on screen learned about a... Himself a feminist through the activism of a casino watching something with daughter! Its in the entertainment world the climate change issue needs to be to... Much for talking with us Witherspoon and others in this together the science, psychology, geopolitics, economics ethics... View that the climate change issue needs to be dealt with through market.... A determined detective continues his search for the Olympic archery team to reach out to many. Empowered, I did CARRIE see it, she can be it, director, CARRIE: I was shocked! Meryl Streep says and Davis: Images are so few female directors went.
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