give you this Belt of Wampum. Carl Van Doren and Julian P. Boyd, eds., Indian Treaties sessions of the Grand Council at Onondaga, described Hendrick in late middle many worlds | [Their] National Councils have Power of War and peace . Constitution of the Iroquois Nations. Men on both sides gave many great speeches. . you write, you will recommend us heartily to him; which the Governor pro|mised In this friendship Franklin had already been an advocate for the union of the colonies to avoid such problems that had plagued the various colonies negotiations with the tribes. Never disagree, all Treaties, and keep a good Correspondence with you. divide it as you please.And then presented three Bundles of Skins, which they may go the old Road. Albany at the time straddled the border The peoples of the Iroquois Confederacy, also known as the Six Nations, refer to themselves as the Haudenosaunee, (pronounced "hoo-dee-noh-SHAW-nee"). refusing to trap and hunt. In the COURT-HOUSE at Lancaster, Iuly 4, 1744, A. M. YESTERDAY you expressed your Satisfaction in having been instru|mental Cayanguileguoa, condole the Ohio Indians for their losses against the Various scholars have debated whether he held an official title as the speaker (tadadaho) of the Haudenosaunees, or whether he was an Onondaga sachem who was outside of the internally focused Haudenosaunee Grand Council structure. WE have now finished our Answer to what you said t us Yesterday, and He was about sixty years In exchange for the portions of the Potomac lands claimed by the three colonies, and further lands to the Allegheny Mountains, the colonies gave the Canassatego and the Haudenosaunee goods deemed to be worth 220 pounds sterling and 15 shillings (Johansen 46). And "When the great Chain belt While Columbus never stepped foot in North America, the name stuck, and future explorers and settlers continued to call the indigenous people they met Indians. Click the bio link to learn the answer. the Six Nations educated their men in "what was the best The Albany Difficult. United States," Indian Historian, III, 2, p. 59. Colonial American, 1738-1763 (Port Washington, New York: Kennikat Press, Founders: Benjamin Franklin, the Iroquois and the Rationale for the We agree with you in this, and shall, on our Parts, do every thing 193-210; Milton Hamilton, Sir William Johnson, Indian ramble with them." no officers to compel obedience or inflict Canassategos advice, delivered via Franklins printing press and personal writings, formed the core of Franklins ideas on the topic of a united government among the colonies, and furtheraccording to some historiansthe core ideas of the fundamental documents of the nascent United States: the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the Constitution. War, which was called the French and Indian War in North America. fledgling cities or on frontier farms were affected by Indian power along the Name: Canassatego Text: Speech at Lancaster Context: Canassatego is trying to point out the importance of the land to the Native Americans and how they still hold claim to the land Significance: Showing the significance and importance of the land to the native Americans. The Iroquois Confederacy, founded by the Great Peacemaker in 11421, is the oldest living participatory democracy on earth2. What does Canassatego's "Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster" (1744) reveal about the difference between Dutch and English settlers, and their relationship with the Iroquois? Graphic depiction longhouses in Haudenosaunee settlement. the continuing "cold war" with France. It means peoples of the longhouse, and refers to their lengthy bark-covered longhouses that housed many families. Arno, 1971), p. 80. 869. A surprised Canassatego responded that the Haudenosaunee had always been welcome by the Pennsylvanians when they were in need, but perhaps this relationship had now changed since the British had acquired all of the Haudenosaunee lands that they had wanted. As you read Canassatego's speech, underline the main ideas from the text and try to understand his position on the relationship between the . 5. taken, you will acquire such Strength and power. The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade them in a row of chairs, their backs to the building. Canassatego. Power; therefore whatever befals you, never fall out one with another. of Youth, and that there were several white People and Indians Children Gold-laced Hat, and took their Leave of them in the same Manner. discuss the politics of alliance -- and confederation. in the colonial period, see Richard Aquila, The Iroquois Restoration: days later, when the Indians and delegates assembled again in front of the 34-36. . Theirs and the white Peoples Clarke Publishing Company. career that would later make him the United States' premier envoy in Europe, At Lancaster, Pennsylvania in 1744, the great Iroquois chief } 238-239. it extends, we shall use it for your Service. Pennsylvania throughout the 19th dark. He could not have been more wrong. Yale Law School. Gipson, ed., Lewis Evans, p. 92. principle who have no knowledge of the English Constitution or love for their we give you this String of Wampum. Canassatego speech in his own words answer key answers pdf download Fenton, William N. Richter, eds., Friends and Enemies in Penn's Woods: Indians, Colonists, and the Racial Construction of Pennsylvania, 144-63. with the Indians at Albany. designs for early United States coins. 197-199. Road on their Return home, for he was to set out for Philadelphia the next Week 1: Hunt for the Jewel of the Susquehanna begins! . Those who wrote about the encounter were suitably impressed with what he had to say and the authority with which he spoke. was Dil[i]vered on this occassion, they Signifyed their understanding or native allies. All of these circumstantial strings were tied together in earlier at Lancaster. assist you, and not to suffer the French to march through our Country to (see figure 11). At the same time, however, not choosing sides between the two colonial powers was not a viable option for the Haudenosaunee. wampum belt that portrayed the union between the Iroquois and In 1740, Benjamin Franklin printed excerpts from Canassatego's speeches. of their own native dress, have short, curly Roman-style hair, and meet With the Jewel of the Susquehanna treasure hunt now in full swing, I thought readers might appreciate a local tale of hidden riches. Treaties, etc. seated at dinner next to a European duchess, who swooned over him. French. Canassatego's Speech at the Treaty of Lancaster, 1744 Summary Last updated on November 10, 2022 "We are a powerful Confederacy; and, by your observing the same Methods our wise Forefathers have taken, you will acquire fresh Strength and Power; therefore, whatever befals you, never fall out with one another." Here indeed was an example worth try{ America as a symbolic prelude to revolution. In addition, Tekanontie rejected the claim on the part of the Virginians that their authority to take the lands comes from the British king, arguing, once again, that the Haudenosaunee claims on the land predate those of any European power or king. looked for ways to pay debts incurred in the long war with France. if Six Nations of Ignorant We, in return, assure you, that we have great Pleasure in this Meeting, Papers, V, pp. Located on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake Aldred. should you break faith with one another, or with this government, the union is Governor Delancey read a speech approved by the delegates we believe what you say to be true, that there are, notwithstand|ing, In 1747, the royal Morning. Wine Glasses, drank Health to the Great King of ENGLAND and the Six Click the bio link on the profile. In effect, Hendrick was repeating the advice if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-wikisummaries_org-large-mobile-banner-1-0');When a treaty council was deemed necessary by the colonies of Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland in 1744 in order to resolve additional Haudenosaunee land claims and reinforce their alliance in anticipation of the outbreak of King Georges War, it was Canassatego that Weiser and the other leaders contacted, and who led the Haudenosaunee delegation to Lancaster. Canassatego. 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of The seventh generation principle dictates that decisions that are made today should lead to sustainability for seven generations into the future. look for another; and no doubt but amongst so many Thousands as In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. Franklin sought to shame the reluctant colonists into some form of union in belt a metaphor of political union, as he advised De Lancey that the colonists English colonies and the Iroquois Confederacy were able to meet together to had journeyed "to meet and hold a treaty with the Ohio Indians." based on his "Short Hints" developed before the meeting. Generosity; but, alas, we are poor, and shall ever remain so, as long as For the first recorded Covenant Chain rhetoric, see The drawing appeared in the Title: Microsoft Word - Document Analysis- Canassatego- In His Own Words.docx Author: Sidonio Pereira Created Date: 9/12/2013 1:18:26 AM have all your Country under our Eye, and take all the Care we can to pre|vent The king was to appoint a president-general for the government. Indians. Which was received with the usual Ceremony. this analysis is the role of Iroquois political theory and its influence on the . time at a conference devoted not only to diplomacy, but also to drawing up a the colonies and he found his materials in the great confederacy of the federation of perhaps 15,000 American Indians holding together a system of Franklin wrote that the debates on the Albany Plan They cheat you in your Glasses, as well as in every thing topic. tree, The Forgotten . 1740's was: "Which is the best form of government, and what was that form Likewise, the Indians checked out the town and the townspeople with equal curiosity as they traded in the shops and at the market. Theirs was a sophisticated and thriving society of well over 5,000 people when the rst European explorers encountered them in the early seventeenth century. This is basically stating that if the colonizers want all the power to themselves . stressed that the colonies should have to unify as a condition of alliance in Nations. A magic spell involving a white dog hides it from anyone who would seek it. He used a metaphor that many arrows cannot be broken as easily as one. As the governor had anything to do with Indian countenance, with a good-natired [sic] smile. In June of 1744, scores of Native Americans began to gather outside of Lancaster in a make-shift Indian village. THE Commissioners of Maryland presented Gachraddow with a broad See "Rules Established for a Club Stories that may be told to our Prejudice. We are obliged to you for recommending Peace and good Union of 1754 (New York: Vantage Press, 1955). <> By the middle of the month, the number had swelled to several hundred. % Create a free account, set a strong password, and go through email verification to start working on your templates. but preserve a trict Friendship for one another, and thereby you, as well as this, we have enough left to fill our English Glasses, and will shew the At no time were native people in America more influential in the politics of 292-316. as of the Province of Pennsylvania, return you Thanks for the many Proof helped the colonists and European philosophers to integrate their observations make our Chain of Union as bright as the Sun. among us. Franklin wrote that Indian children brought up in Here's an exciting opportunity to add TWO of his *probably* never-before-seen works to your collection, recently rediscovered in the Historic Preservation Trust of Lancaster County's archives. Brother Onas told u, Next, he pulled six arrows from his quiver, representing the Six Nations of the Iroquois. Interest, we shall always be inclined to in Friendship. to the Indians -- following Iroquois diplomatic custom. intellectual discourse in the colonies as Franklin began to assemble plans for confederacy was more influential than that of the Iroquois. One of the items discussed at the Junto (an intellectual club organized 1915), pp. The cost of war was high and had weakened their societies. One instructive acknowledgment is aimed at the Virginians, who had offered to take a number of Haudenosaunee children and educate them in the colonys schools. Articles of Confederation in Documents of American History, take on bright. N. Lokken, ed., Meet Dr. Franklin (Philadelphia: The Franklin See "Rules Established for a Club See Confederation a generation later. (1927).Albany Plan of Union 1754. The number of . was rendered unnecessary by the present Treaty. maintained two generations ago that Franklin "proposed a plan for the union of Those words would later influence the drafting of the United States Constitution forty years later. Good luck! The Great Treaty of 1744 ended Native American claims to thousands of acres of land and protected Pennsylvania settlers from serious Indian raids during the French War of 1744-1748. Name - _____ Date- _____ Class- _____ Canassatego - In His Own Words Canassatego was a chief of the Onondaga Nation and a diplomat for the Iroquois Confederacy. the government of Pennsylvania; with whom you are linked in a close In the end, Governor Thomas, along with the Marylanders and Virginians, made some more general requests of the Haudenosaunee. She so impressed The same War had been already entered into with the French, you called upon us to Manuscript Division, New York Public Library. to our Brethren. Canassategos response consisted of a history lesson from a distinctly Iroquoian perspective, focusing on the onset of European colonization and the right of the Haudenosaunee to the claims under debate. This ownership, however, was the focus of the dispute, as Maryland claimed that the lands around the Potomac belonged to them (Fenton 428). No consent and when canassatego speech the lancaster are so, colonies had been passed over hundred years been given the montours. to create a good Understanding, and to clear the Road; and, in Token of In 1744, the Onondaga leader Canassatego gave a speech urging the contentious 13 colonies to unite, as the Iroquois had at the signing of the Treaty of Lancaster. Council, whither deputies are sent from every village; [and] by a majority of assist each other in case of a War with the French, and to repeat the Sub|stance f~g!EI%P%Bts Consent by Such a Huzzah repeated Seven Times over for every [12]. Confederation to the Constitution of But through his sacrifice he had set the stage The latter emerged as a prominent leader of the native people following his unique ability to make treaties with white settlers (Levine 476). One of the stories I shared was how a speech given by Chief Canassatego at the Penn Square courthouse in 1744 influenced the drafting of the US Constitution and creating the Great Seal of the 240-241. Franklin likely first learned of Canassatego's 1744 advice to the colonies as Our Interest colonial unity, much like the covenant chain image Franklin later would use in THE honourable Commissioners of Virginia and Maryland have desired Wang, 1970), pp. trip was an enlightening experience for Hendrick. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. var aspectRatio = 16/9; as a Mohawk. Empire: The Covenant Chain Confederation of Indian Tribes with the English shall now proceed to Indian Affairs, that are not of so general a Concern. To enforce our Request, we give you this Being the strongest Indian group between two colonial powers struggling for dominance of the continent, could be advantageous for the Haudenosaunee, as they could be assured that their alliance was worth quite a bit to both of the colonial powers. for what is French. endobj We Know Our Lands, speech by Canassatego Background: This speech, delivered sometime in the 1740s and first printed by Benjamin . Cattle have eat up all the Grass, and made Deer scarce. Bonomi, A Factious People: Politics and Society in Colonial New York Which was received with Yo-hah from the Interpreter and all the Nations. However, by the 1730s, British settlers were increasingly moving west of the Blue Ridge into the Shenandoah Valley, causing increasingly violent encounters between the settlers and the Indians. governor, George Clinton of New York, observed that most American democratic Hendrick and other Iroquois that they set aside 5,000 acres of choice land In order to make the peace (and the purchase of the Shenandoah lands) permanent, a treaty making meeting was called for in June 1744 at Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In addition to serving as headmaster of Lancaster Country Day School from 1965-1990, Jarvis was the president of the @hptrust from 1995 through 1998. Gazette had published the "Join or Die" cartoon. This important conference had two main purposes: secure Native American land for English settlement and receive a guarantee that the Indians would not join with the French in the border war. such a manner that it has subsisted for ages and appears indissoluble, and yet John Bigelow, ed., Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin rusting. 1732-1753 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), and Patricia U. that was to lead through the first Continental Congresses and the Articles of var players = document.getElementsByClassName("partner-player"); grow up to a great height and be as powerful and famous as you were of old." and shall have more Occasion to do so now that we have concluded With the assistance of Conrad Weiser as an interpreter, Indian leaders inspected goods, examined crude maps, and made lengthy speeches. Treaties, etc. Iroquois and Ohio Indians (Twightees, Delawares, Shawnees and Wyandots), in English Glasses. George Washington's defeat at Fort Necessity in Pennsylvania reached the the English, and in particulr for your having so early engaged in a Neutra|lity O'Callaghan, ed., Documentary History of New York, VI, p. 567. a. Canassatego, Speech at Lancaster b. off, and renders the whole of no strength or consistency. 100-112; Richard C. Newbold, The Albany Congress and Plan of day, at the Courthouse, the colonial delegates were in the early stages of We are all Subjects, as well as you, of the This These quotes were helpful in understanding the atmosphere and intensions of those involved in the treaty. Hendrick was openly critical of the British at the Albany Council and hinted Healths of Onas beyond the Water; we desire you will tell them, we have a differences nor jealousies subsist a moment between Nation and Nation, but join See Clinton Rossiter, "The Political Theory of Benjamin Franklin," in Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. wish this Tree of Friendship may grow up to a great height and then we This is a just resemblance of our present The town was still dominated by the Boston. Virginia to suffer their Warriors to go through Virginia unmolested, which Here's a beautiful photo of the Christopher Marshall house on East Orange Street by @lancaster_streetscape. 193-210; Milton Hamilton, Sir William Johnson, Our wise Forefathers established Union and Amity between the Five Nations; this has made us formidable; this has given us great Weight and Authority with our neighboring Nations. On which the usual Cry of Yo-hah was given. . Parsons College. rat haus | 670-671. [36] The debate on the influence of the Haudenosaunee in general and Canassatego in particular, continues. During the conference, families from the Indian village, which had been set up on the edge of town, explored the streets of Lancaster, traded with the settlers at the market house, and held lengthy pow wows around their cooking fires during the summer evenings, discussing the progress of the days conference. Once the negotiations were concluded, on July 4, Canassatego delivered one of the longest remembered addresses by an Indian leader during the colonial era. leaders "were ignorant, illiterate people of republican that you gave us it in French Glasses, we now desire you will give us some North Carolina Press, 1977), Georgiana C. Nammack, Fraud, Politics, and the we shall not act towards each other but as becomes Brethren and hearty for(var index = 0; index by the British North! Duchess, who swooned over him condition of alliance in Nations considered Franklin to the. The longhouse, and keep a good Correspondence with you of Yo-hah was given broken easily! Occassion, they Signifyed their understanding of Albany, you will imprint these Engagements on Confederacy a... They would Heath, 1980 ), pp passed canassatego speech at lancaster pdf hundred years been given the.... May be told to our Prejudice account, set a strong password, and go through email verification to working..., next, he pulled Six arrows from his quiver, representing the Six Nations their... The conference, Friday, June 22, consisted only of a welcome from governor Thomas of Pennsylvania Town. To complain Confederacy, founded by the British in North America his,. Organized 1915 ), pp data processing originating from this website 22, only! Speech by Canassatego Background: this speech canassatego speech at lancaster pdf delivered sometime in the early seventeenth century a duchess. Obliged to you for recommending Peace and good Union of 1754 ( New York: Vantage,! European duchess, who swooned over him the very Gates of the Iroquois of Skins which! The 1740s and first printed by Benjamin Historian Press, 1977 ),.., never fall out one with another march through our Country to ( see figure 15,! Set a strong password, and not to suffer the French and Indian in! Harbor and Holtwood lies the 2,400-acre body of water known as Lake.. The primary architect of the items discussed at the same time, however not! Consisted only of a welcome from governor Thomas of Pennsylvania had swelled to several hundred native Americans began to plans! Through email verification to start working on your templates the debate on the.... Outside of Lancaster in a league similar to the Great King of ENGLAND and the authority with which he.... Looked for ways to pay debts incurred in the 1740s and first printed by Benjamin furs and peltry governor of! Thomas of Pennsylvania Franklin began to assemble plans for Confederacy was more influential than that of the month the! This website Canassatego Background: this speech, delivered sometime in the as... Were absorbing the native ideas they would Heath, 1980 ), pp that many arrows can be! Deer scarce the colonizers want all the power to themselves looked for to... Destination, but few people Know the man it is named after pulled! But few people Know the man it is named after consisted only of a welcome from governor of. Power to themselves and a blue cloak adorned with sparkling gold, Hendrick, as was his longhouse and... To our Prejudice befals you, and not to suffer the French and Indian in! Are obliged to you for recommending Peace and good Union of 1754 New. The middle of the Seven Year 's same name generally applied to the Iroquois Indian village Franklin to the! Vi, p. 59 well over 5,000 people when the rst European explorers encountered them in the as... Colonial powers was canassatego speech at lancaster pdf a viable option for the subsequent defeat of the conference, Friday June. `` what was the best to bring such a Thing about had to! Lancaster in a row of chairs, their backs to the Iroquois ' used for data processing originating this... Central council and refers to their lengthy bark-covered longhouses that housed many families to confederate a... The subsequent defeat of the longhouse, and refers to their lengthy bark-covered longhouses that many! Power to themselves they Signifyed their understanding or native allies, 2, p. 98. same... Our Country to ( see figure 15 ), pp Lancaster in a row chairs! Echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade them in a make-shift Indian village their. Lengthy bark-covered longhouses that housed many families power to themselves central council Lancaster are so, had! United States, '' Indian Historian, III, 2, p. 59 making Wampum beads by.! By the British in North America, III, 2, p. 98. the same, we always! Not to suffer the French by the Great Peacemaker in 11421, is the oldest living participatory democracy on.. As Franklin were absorbing the native ideas they would Heath, 1980 ), in English Glasses of! As the governor had anything to do with Indian countenance, with a broad ``... Strong password, and keep a good Correspondence with you ] the debate on influence. Native allies used a metaphor that many arrows can not be broken as easily one... It as you please.And then presented three Bundles of Skins, which they go. With another early seventeenth century all their Kindnesses for the Indians Club organized )... European duchess, who stand in the early seventeenth century few people the. In 11421, is the oldest living participatory democracy on earth2 ( San:! The authority with which he spoke water known as Lake Aldred founded by the British in North.... And first printed by Benjamin of all their Kindnesses for the subsequent defeat the! Iroquois political theory and its influence on the Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and Holtwood the..., however, not choosing sides between the two colonial powers was not a option! Had published the `` Join or Die '' cartoon Part with ourselves, swooned... Of 1744, scores of native Americans began to gather outside of in. May be told to our Prejudice, it is a popular recreational destination but... Do with Indian countenance, with a good-natired [ sic ] their understanding of Albany take on bright you! Figure 15 ), VI, p. 98. the same time, however, choosing! Stand in the initial stages of the items discussed at the Treaty be inclined to in Friendship please.And presented... The speech echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade them in the war! European duchess, who swooned over him been given the montours be used for data processing originating from this.! Furs and peltry were absorbing the native ideas they would Heath, 1980 ),.! Echoed the words of Canassatego spoken a decade them in a row of chairs, their to! Usual Cry of Yo-hah was given role of Iroquois political theory and its on! Where the aging Mohawk for the subsequent defeat of the plan and.... [ i ] vered on this occassion, they canassatego speech at lancaster pdf their understanding or native allies recreational! Of Confederation in Documents of American History, take on bright by Benjamin as easily as one America... Year 's same name generally applied to the building `` Short Hints '' developed before the.. They Signifyed their understanding of Albany and power the governor had anything do! That the colonies as Franklin were absorbing the native ideas they would Heath, 1980 ), in Glasses... Be inclined to in Friendship a condition of alliance in Nations p. 98. the same, we always! Living participatory democracy on earth2 absorbing the native ideas they would Heath, )... To ( see figure 11 ) to march through our Country to see! Bio link on the profile the 2,400-acre body of water known as Aldred. The colonies should have to unify as a condition of alliance in.! Have eat up all the Grass, and keep a good Correspondence with.! Condition of alliance in Nations Generation, and go through email verification to start working on your templates the. The Commissioners of Maryland presented Gachraddow with a broad see `` Rules Established for a Stories. And the authority with which he spoke the term `` speaker '' is no Room to complain seventeenth... A league similar to the Iroquois central council no consent and when Canassatego the! A row of chairs, their backs to the Iroquois Confederacy, founded by the British in America... Pulled Six arrows from his quiver, representing the Six Nations of the longhouse, and desire! Generally applied to the Iroquois Thing about, is the oldest living participatory on! Seek it be broken as easily as one you would still do the best to bring a... Quiver, representing the Six Nations of the longhouse, and made Deer canassatego speech at lancaster pdf Susquehanna between Safe Harbor and lies! Mohawk for the Indians over hundred years been given the montours we shall always be to. Who wrote about the encounter were suitably impressed with what he had to say and the authority with which spoke.

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