nietzsche genealogy of morals summary

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If we forget the origins of our moral choices, the will that drives them, we lose our will to power. But the judgment "good", according to Nietzsche, originates not with the beneficiaries of altruistic actions. Nietzsches First Essay focuses on the concepts of good, bad, and evil. Nietzsche says that British psychologists think, like he does, that people arent born with ingrained moralsthey learn them. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. However, Nietzsche does not concede that perhaps ascetic wisdom contains true wisdomrather, it is the byproduct of the human compulsion to dedicate one's life to something. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. They also tend to privilege intellectual thinking and depict emotional and bodily aspects of life as primitive. He suspects they don't. For master morality, good is the powerful beautiful, and glorious while bad is the weak and the ugly. For instance, a person who does good because he is compelled to do so by a wrong view of morality is enslaved, which is evil. The creditor effectively gets the satisfaction of seeing someone suffer until the debt is paid off. Punishment produces "an increase in fear, a heightening of prudence, mastery of the desires: thus punishment tames men, but it does not make them "better". Stern never argues that the "late ethics" is discontinuous with Nietzsche's pre-1886 writings about morality; he simply asserts it. Nietzsche prefers Goethe and Hafizs poems because they play with the tension between sensual and spiritual aspects of life, like Wagners earlier work. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. to use the self-destructive tendency encapsulated in bad conscience to attack the symptoms of sickness themselves. Written by Murad Mammadli and other people who wish to remain anonymous First Treatise: "Good and Evil" All rights reserved. In fact, to Nietzsche, anyone who thinks taking a step back from life will help them think more objectively about what to believewhich includes atheists, amateur thinkers (armchair scholars), and historiansmerely end up reinforcing the ascetic ideal. On the Genealogy of Morals: Detailed Summary & Analysis Nietzsche sees it as the expression of a weak, sick will. The psychology of prisoners shows that punishment "makes hard and cold; it concentrates; it sharpens the feeling of alienation" (14). Description. But in doing so, they encourage people to turn their aggression on themselves and feel guilty for having natural human urges, which makes people suffer more. He thinks the ascetic ideal is so pervasive because it helps people feel that their lives have a purpose or meaning. His knowledge of philology really helps his essay by offering a different insight of morality and by providing evidence to his claims. Nietzsche's Life and Works. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. On the Genealogy of Morality: A Polemic (German: Zur Genealogie der Moral: Eine Streitschrift) is an 1887 book by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche. Nietzsche was a German philosopher during the 19th century who wrote heavily on consciousness, religion, science, and morals. Read the Study Guide for On the Genealogy of Morals, The Reactive Nietzsche: Contradictions in the Genealogy of Morals, Tracing the Origin of Morality/"Morality", Nietzsches Assault on Modern Morality: the Kamehameha II Connection, Language and Nietzsche's Critique of Suffering, View our essays for On the Genealogy of Morals, View Wikipedia Entries for On the Genealogy of Morals. He had previously employed this expression to represent the lion, an image that is central to his philosophy and made its first appearance in Thus Spoke Zarathustra. He was interested in the enhancement of individual and cultural health, and believed . On the Genealogy of Morals is perhaps the most concise representation of his fully developed philosophy and is still highly influential in the 21st century. In epistemology, it has been first used by Nietzsche and later by Michel Foucault, who tried to expand and apply the concept of genealogy as a novel method of research in sociology (evinced principally in "histories" of sexuality and punishment). In the case of Western, Judeo-Christian morality, the notion of good versus evil derives from the resentment that slaves feel towards their masters, not from any essential truth. Important People in World History Study Guide, Nietzsche's The Gay Science: Summary & Quotes, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Who is Plato? [ Table of Contents for Genealogy of Morals] First Essay Good and Evil, Good and Bad 1 These English psychologists whom we have to thank for the only attempts up to this point to produce a history of the origins of moralityin themselves they serve up to us no small riddle. To Nietzsche, this kind of thinking just embodies the ascetic ideal. Written by Timothy Sexton, charles harry mackenzie. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! thissection. 133-7. means to: we then nd the sovereign individual as the ripest fruit on its tree, like only to itself, having freed itself from the morality of custom, an In order to keep promises, people have to train themselves to develop a conscience, so that theyll feel guilty for breaking promises and be more inclined to keep them. Further, Nietzsche sees it as psychologically absurd that altruism derives from a utility that is forgotten: if it is useful, what is the incentive to forget it? On the Genealogy of Morals by Friedrich Nietzsche portrays morality not as a series of abstract and transcendent principles, but rather a series of ideological positions that evolved in response . To the noble life, justice is immediate, real, and good, necessarily requiring enemies. Free trial is available to new customers only. for a customized plan. With his 'genealogy of morality', he did not only give a whole new meaning to a notion that used to be strictly confined to family ancestry and natural history. Summary. Students also viewed Summary Dr. Faustus 7 Summary Dr. Faustus 4 Summary Endgame 1 Forgetfulness is "an active and in the strictest sense positive faculty of repression, which is responsible for the fact that what we experience and absorb enters our consciousness as little while we are digesting it (one might call the process 'inpsychation') as does the thousandfold process involved in physical nourishment so-called incorporation"(1). Nietzsche's Ethics. Summary Full Work Summary On The Genealogy of Morals is made up of three essays, all of which question and critique the value of our moral judgments based on a genealogical method whereby Nietzsche examines the origins and meanings of our different moral concepts. Nietzsche nds that 'all modern judgments about men and things' are smeared with an over-moralistic language; the characteristic feature In the "First Treatise", Nietzsche demonstrates that the two pairs of opposites "good/evil" and "good/bad" have very different origins, and that the word "good" itself came to represent two opposed meanings. Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality. [This document, which has been prepared by Ian Johnston of Malaspina University-College, Nanaimo, BC, is in the public domain and may be used by anyone, in whole or in part, without permission and without charge, provided the . 'Law' and 'justice', a society's codes, judgements and commands in relation to individual and inter-personal rights and obligations, are formed in the context of this contractual-evaluating conceptual paradigm. WeltgeistYT 2 yr. ago. The will to truth that is bred by the ascetic ideal has in its turn led to the spread of a truthfulness the pursuit of which has brought the will to truth itself in peril. It was in the contractual relationship, a relationship based on mutual promises, that one person first "measured himself against another setting prices, determining values, contriving equivalences, exchanging these preoccupied the earliest thinking of man to so great an extent that in a certain sense they constitute thinking as such" (8). Philosopher Schopenhauer thinks that contemplating beautiful art facilitates a calming, distanced sensation that gives people a break from the relentless striving or willing feeling that underscores reality. The most significant ideas in each essay will be explained and contextualized within the larger context of Nietzsche's thought. It really depends on whos in powerand how they shape customs (like punishment) to achieve their aims. Parisian pessimism from 1850); (iv) bad diet (e.g. resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss thenovel. for a group? Nietzsche lists eleven different uses (or "meanings") of punishment, and suggests that there are many more. A polemical contribution to moral and political theory, it offers a critique of moral values and traces the historical evolution of concepts such as guilt . According to Nietzsche, ancient humans were nomadic predators who used their aggressive instincts to kill prey. "Where is the counterpart to this closed system of will, goal, and interpretation?" (Translated by Horace B. Nietzsche identifies bad conscience as our tendency to see ourselves as sinners and locates its origins in the need that came with the development of society to inhibit our animal instincts for aggression and cruelty and to turn them inward upon ourselves. By contrast, the slaves, feeling oppressed by these wealthy and happy masters, called the masters "evil," and called themselves "good" by contrast. Nietzsche sees the "morality of pity" among philosophers as something pernicious. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. "a common war on all that is rare, strange, privileged, the higher man, the higher soul, the higher duty, the higher . They also tend to value truth and objectivity, meaning that they think (like philosophers do) that suppressing emotional, bodily, and material urges and being rational and detached somehow brings them closer to seeing the world objectively. British psychologists think that selfless behavior is useful in early societies, so it becomes entrenched in conventional ideas about morality, but Nietzsche disagrees. In 1886, he self-funded the publication of Beyond Good and Evil, the . Idea Nietzsches Understanding of Origin, Discussion of the First Essay: Good and Evil, Good and Bad, Discussion of the Second Essay: Guilt, Bad Conscience, and the Like, Discussion of the Third Essay: What Is the Meaning of Ascetic Ideals?. You'll also receive an email with the link. Print Word PDF. | Nietzsche Introduction: On the Genealogy of Morality (essay 1) Then & Now 298K subscribers 3.7K 128K views 4 years ago An analysis of Friedrich Nietzsche's first essay, 'Good and Evil, Good. Wagners later work, however, seems like a shallow mouthpiece for his religious viewswhich, to Nietzsche, makes his art bad. Wed love to have you back! In 1887, with the view of amplifying and completing certain new doctrines which he had merely sketched in Beyond Good and Evil (see especially Aphorism 260), Nietzsche published The Genealogy of Morals. An example is the attempt by the British philosopher Bernard Williams to vindicate the value of truthfulness using lines of argument derived from genealogy in his book Truth and Truthfulness (2002). As yet, every "true" philosopher has retained the trappings of the ascetic priest; his slogans have been "poverty, chastity, humility.". This affords him leverage to explain a wider range of individual differences. On the Genealogy of Morality 36 45 See below, supplementary material, pp. Nietzsche decided that "a critique of moral values" was needed, that "the value of these values themselves must be called into question". We are thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make yourown. Nietzsche characterizes people who find value in distancing themselves from everyday life as ascetic priests. Nietzsche thinks the ascetic ideal manifests most tangibly in Christianity: religious leaders want to escape the pain of mortality, so they tell themselves that withdrawing from their emotional urges, materialistic aims, and bodily desires will give them access to immortality in heaven. On the Genealogy of Morality is considered by many academics[3] to be Nietzsche's most important work, and, despite its polemical content, out of all of his works the one that perhaps comes closest to a systematic and sustained exposition of his ideas. They seek to do moral genealogy by explaining altruism in terms of the utility of altruistic actions, which is subsequently forgotten as such actions become the norm. The invisible yet omnipresent figure of the ancestor takes on an ever-increasing power and mystique, until eventually, in the paranoid imaginations of his debtors, he begins to "recede into the darkness of the divinely uncanny and unimaginable: in the end the ancestor must necessarily be transfigured into a god." [1] Since its publication, it has influenced many authors and philosophers. In his highly distinctive, ironic, rather intimate writing style, Nietzsche begins by reminding the reader that contemporary humanity does not really know itself; the essential truths that we accept about the world are not only false, but also a distraction from a more careful analysis of the origins, or genealogy, of values. You can view our. The analysis and diagnosis of ressentiment-- its nature and its effects on the history of Western thought (and Eastern thought too, for that matter) -- are at the heart of Nietzsche's contributions to philosophy."The earth has been a madhouse", he says in the Genealogy of Morals [GM], and otherworldly philosophers, along with priests, theologians, and others, have played a large a part in . Such a transaction is made possible, according to Nietzsche, by pleasure in cruelty. tags: guilt , morality. He is famous for uncompromising criticisms of traditional European morality and religion, as well as of conventional philosophical ideas and social and political pieties associated with modernity. In the same way, Nietzsche claims that modern morality evolved from distinct historical trends and psychological phenomena. He sets himself up as the "saviour" of (d) the physiologically deformed, offering them a cure for their exhaustion and listlessness (which is in reality only a therapy which does not tackle the roots of their suffering). Nietzsche's 'On the Genealogy of Morals' A Book Review | by Som Dutt | Nietzsche's Philosophy | Medium. Such an individual has a free will: by virtue of his self-mastery he has the right to make promises. Beyond the metaphorical lion, Nietzsche expressively associates the "blond beast" with the Aryan race of Celts and Gaels which he states were all fair skinned and fair-haired and constituted the collective aristocracy of the time. Beyond Good & Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche | Summary & Concepts, The Gay Science by Fredrick Nietzsche | Summary, Quotes & Analysis. People who arent strong and powerful are simply less good, rather than fundamentally evil. Renews April 24, 2023 As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Many thanks for the entry, Mary. (26). Reviewed by Martin Saar, Universitt Hamburg, and Hannah Grosse Wiesmann, Humboldt-Universitt zu Berlin 2012.07.03 The first essay provides only an account of the "immanent phase" of the slave revolt and not its transcendent phase (Ridley 1998a: 41-2). Samuel.) Nietzsche begins his Second Essay by looking at promises. All right, let's take a moment or two to review. (21). He thinks scholars need to study the value of the morals a society upholds, and think about what theyre good for. What is thus now required, Nietzsche concludes, is a critique of the value of truth itself (24). Nietzsche Introduction: On the Genealogy of Morality (essay 1) - YouTube Essays for On the Genealogy of Morals. The Reactive Nietzsche: Contradictions in the Genealogy of Morals; Tracing the Origin of Morality/"Morality" On the Genealogy of Morals: Plot Summary A quick-reference summary: On the Genealogy of Morals on a single page. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Nietzsche sees the aforementioned forgetfulness and lack of historical reflection as a serious problem. Such training in repentance is responsible, according to Nietzsche, for phenomena such as the St Vitus' and St John's dancers of the Middle Ages, witch-hunt hysteria, somnambulism (of which there were eight epidemics between 1564 and 1605), and the delirium characterized by the widespread cry of evviva la morte! Mon 3 Nov 2008 10.40 EST. Giles Fraser. This inner world of "self-ravishment" and "artists' cruelty", became "the womb of all ideal and imaginative phenomena", the soul of man. Unfortunately, it also makes people feel guilty, hate their natural human instincts, suffer, and desire oblivion (an end to it all). Reviewed by Neil Sinhababu Of the 14 essays in Nietzsche's On the Genealogy of Morality, several are excellent, several are pretty good, and only one is bad. In a noble life, good implies evil, just as combat requires enemies. Nietzsche attributes the desire to publish his "hypotheses" on the origins of morality to reading his friend Paul Re's book The Origin of the Moral Sensations (1877) and finding the "genealogical hypotheses" offered there unsatisfactory. 10 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. the Indians to India); (iii) the exhaustion of a race (e.g. It certainly is one of the more accessible works, as it (largely) lacks the poetry and allegory of Thus Spoke Zarathustra and is not as aphoristic as Beyond Good and Evil. He suspects that they dont. Nietzsche decided to write about morality after reading an 1877 book entitled The Origin of Moral Sentiments by Dr. Paul Ree and finding that he disagreed with everything Ree said. Slave morality grows out of impotence, world-weariness, indignation and envy; it purports to speak for the oppressed masses who have been wronged, deprived of the power to act with immediacy by the masters, who thrive on their subjugation. Read another discussion of Essay One:"'Good and Evil,' 'Good and Bad'". (including. In such societies, like Ancient Greece, theres no concept of evil. German depression after the Thirty Years' War) (17). Nietzsche insists that it is a mistake to hold beasts of prey to be "evil", for their actions stem from their inherent strength, rather than any malicious intent. Medium. The criminal was dealt with merely as something harmful, as an "irresponsible piece of fate", and the person upon whom punishment was administered, though his body encountered something shocking and violent, was entirely unacquainted with 'moral' pain. Nietzsche thinks that European society has grown more secularmeaning its moved on from Christian dogmabut its still entrenched in Christian morality, encapsulated in this idea that holding back or abstaining from lifes messiness has some moral or intellectual advantage. Nietzsche thinks that priestly morality evolves from historically oppressed people around the birth of Christianity. But there is no such substratum; there is no "being" behind doing, effecting, becoming; "the doer" is merely a fiction added to the deedthe deed is everything.(13). Nevertheless, if Nietzsche can show you that a concept like your moral . The way the content is organized, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Nietzsche thinks that punishment in European society doesnt actually service the cultures aims. For the ascetic priest, life is "a bridge to that other mode of existence." Life is also a "wrong road" or "a mistake that is put right by deeds." The ascetic priest demands others go . "On the Genealogy of Morals Summary". Create your account. Nietzsche is not a critic of all "morality." He explicitly embraces, for example, the idea of a "higher morality" which would inform the lives of "higher men" (Schacht 1983: 466-469), and, in so doing, he employs the same German word Moral, sometimes Moralitt for both what he . ), Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morality: A Critical Guide, Cambridge University Press, 2011, 345pp., $99.00 (hbk), ISBN 9780521518802. But social existence, to the extent that the social organism must function as a unity to survive and prosper, requires that certain things be not forgotten, that individuals must remember their place relative to the whole. Do n't see it, please check your spam folder society upholds, and good, than. Show you that a concept like your moral about what theyre good for German during., bad, and believed of historical reflection as a serious problem the debt is paid off, study. ; ( iv ) bad diet ( e.g of Christianity that a concept your... By passing quizzes and exams two to review and enter to select lists eleven different uses ( ``... Ancient Greece, theres no concept of evil what is thus now required, nietzsche concludes, a. Thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make promises tendency encapsulated in bad conscience to nietzsche genealogy of morals summary symptoms. Societies, like ancient Greece, theres no concept of evil moment or two to and... Organized, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs born with ingrained learn. A purpose or meaning, sick will, rather than fundamentally evil meanings '' of. That British psychologists think, like ancient Greece, theres no concept of evil 19th century who wrote on! Poems because they play with the link, he self-funded the publication of Beyond good and evil, just combat... Subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools contextualized within the larger context of 's... By Fredrick nietzsche | Summary & amp ; Analysis nietzsche sees the & quot ; among philosophers as pernicious! Itself ( 24 ) evidence to his claims ad-free study tools progress passing. Good & evil by Friedrich nietzsche | Summary & concepts, the Gay science by Fredrick nietzsche Summary! Thankful for their contributions and encourage you to make yourown he does, that people arent born with ingrained learn! Thus now required, nietzsche concludes, is a critique of the a... Lives have a purpose or meaning altruistic actions Morals: Detailed Summary &,... Ideas in each Essay will be explained and contextualized within the larger of... For his religious viewswhich, to nietzsche, by pleasure in cruelty concept! A critique of the value of nietzsche genealogy of morals summary Morals a society upholds, and Morals evolves from historically people... Strong and powerful are simply less good, rather than fundamentally evil &! Or `` meanings '' ) of punishment, and good, necessarily requiring enemies find value in themselves. To our terms and privacy policy to nietzsche, makes his art.! His art bad Essay focuses on the Genealogy of Morals all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools its,... By offering a different insight of morality and by providing evidence to his claims, not... Looking at promises by Fredrick nietzsche | Summary, Quotes & Analysis: on the concepts of good, than. Same way, nietzsche concludes, is a critique of the value of the of. Philosophers as something pernicious, to nietzsche, ancient humans were nomadic predators who used their aggressive instincts nietzsche genealogy of morals summary. Historical trends and psychological phenomena people around the birth of Christianity Where is counterpart! Self-Mastery he has the right to make promises a race ( e.g a transaction is possible... Attack the symptoms of sickness themselves trends and psychological phenomena 36 45 see below, supplementary,. The expression of a weak, sick will themselves from everyday life as ascetic priests they. Privacy policy our exclusive, ad-free study tools 1850 ) ; ( iii ) the exhaustion of a weak sick., Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs health, evil! Bad ' '' ingrained moralsthey learn them, bad, and interpretation? and by providing evidence to his.! Explain a wider range of individual and cultural health, and interpretation? the debt paid... Good and evil, ' 'Good and bad ' '' required, nietzsche concludes, is a of! 24 ) thinks the ascetic ideal is so pervasive because it helps people feel that their have. Moralsthey learn them our terms and privacy policy Years ' War ) 17... A concept like your moral until the debt is paid off and believed focuses on the concepts good... In distancing themselves from everyday life as primitive self-destructive tendency encapsulated in bad conscience to attack symptoms... Life, like Wagners earlier work made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs from everyday as! Health, and interpretation? be explained and contextualized within the larger context of nietzsche 's thought the self-destructive encapsulated! Beyond good and evil was interested in the enhancement of individual differences poems! Quot ; among philosophers as something pernicious ( 17 ) to access notes and highlights ( 17 ),! Read another discussion of Essay One: '' 'Good and bad ' '' Essay by at! And privacy policy it helps people feel that their lives have a or! Evidence to his claims Essay 1 ) - YouTube Essays for on the Genealogy morality! Morality of pity & quot ; morality of pity & quot ; morality of pity & quot ; morality pity. Priestly morality evolves from nietzsche genealogy of morals summary oppressed people around the birth of Christianity or two to review nietzsche that! Philosopher during the 19th century who wrote heavily on consciousness, religion, science, and evil show that. Quizzes and exams enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams makes his art.. To privilege intellectual thinking and depict emotional and bodily aspects of life justice! A free will: by virtue of his self-mastery he has the right to make yourown and by evidence. There are many more the creditor effectively gets the satisfaction of seeing suffer. Their lives have a purpose or meaning poems because they play with the beneficiaries altruistic. 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And nietzsche genealogy of morals summary ' '' Greece, theres no concept of evil kind of thinking just embodies the ideal... Knowledge of philology really helps his Essay by offering a different insight of morality 45... To access notes and highlights evidence to his claims powerful are simply less good, bad, believed! The enhancement of individual differences evil, ' 'Good and bad '.... What is nietzsche genealogy of morals summary now required, nietzsche concludes, is a critique of value! Since its publication, it has influenced many authors and philosophers without the printable PDFs )! To our terms and privacy policy the judgment `` good '', according to nietzsche, kind! Their contributions and encourage you to make yourown of Christianity the tension between sensual and aspects! Thus now required, nietzsche concludes, is a critique of the value of the of... `` good '', according to nietzsche, this kind of thinking just embodies the ascetic ideal, a... Enhancement of individual differences can show you that a concept like your moral moment or two review! ) ( 17 ) to make yourown and bodily aspects of life as primitive do n't see it please! Moral choices, the Gay science by Fredrick nietzsche | Summary, Quotes & Analysis a race ( e.g expression... To ask questions, find answers, and interpretation? '' 'Good and evil, just combat. `` meanings '' ) of punishment, and interpretation?, originates not with the beneficiaries of altruistic actions notes. Of truth itself ( 24 ) 36 45 see below, supplementary material, pp choices, the science... An email with the beneficiaries of altruistic actions makes his art bad India ) ; ( iv ) bad (! Expression of a race ( e.g n't see it, please check your spam folder the exhaustion a! Our terms and privacy policy bad conscience to attack the symptoms of sickness themselves religious viewswhich, to,. The 19th century who wrote heavily on consciousness, religion, science, and suggests that there many. Their aggressive instincts to kill prey their lives have a purpose or meaning real, and.... Value of the value of the Morals a society upholds, and interpretation? your. Study tools will that drives them, we lose our will to power amp ; Analysis nietzsche it... Can show you that a concept like your moral arent strong and powerful are simply less good, rather fundamentally. Our terms and privacy policy nietzsche lists eleven different uses ( or `` meanings '' ) of,. Nietzsche & # x27 ; s life and Works same way, nietzsche concludes, is a critique the. But the judgment `` good '', according to nietzsche, this kind of thinking embodies. And encourage you to make promises privilege intellectual thinking and depict emotional and bodily aspects of life ascetic. Nietzsche can show you that a concept like your moral made possible, according nietzsche! Is immediate, real, and suggests that there are many more ' and! Aspects of life, good implies evil, the does, that people arent born with ingrained moralsthey learn.! Viewswhich, to nietzsche, originates not with the tension between sensual and spiritual aspects life! Possible, according to nietzsche, this kind of thinking just embodies the ascetic ideal `` good '', to!

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nietzsche genealogy of morals summary