During their rocky, nine-year marriage marred by MacLeod's heavy drinking and frequent rages over the attention his wife garnered from other officers Mata Hari gave birth to two children, a daughter and a son. "I come last?" Rudolf was an abusive alcoholic. The French executed Zelle on Oct. 15, 1917. By then, Mata Hari had begun a passionate romance with Vladimir de Masloff, a 21-year-old Russian army captain. The military tribunal deliberated for less than 45 minutes before returning a guilty verdict. Duly convicted on eight charges of espionage, on October 15, 1917, the greatest woman spy of the century, who was in reality no such thing, was shot at 5 a.m. by a firing squad of twelve men at a barracks in Vincennes, a suburb of Paris. She met a German attach and began tossing him bits of gossip, hoping to get some valuable information in return. Margaretha was incapable of supporting herself and her daughter, or of fighting when her ex-husband took custody of the child. These included widespread distrust of foreigners, including not just the enemy but also unreliable Allies and potentially treacherous neutrals, as well as unease over womens growing economic power, and moral panic over the changing sexual mores of the younger generations (typified by parental concern about young women volunteering at hospitals where they could mix with men, and over young men at the front visiting prostitutes and contracting venereal disease). She was forced to return to her neutral homeland of Holland, where she resumed an old affair with a wealthy Dutch baron. Vladimir Malka (Masloff) Russian: Masloff. In 1857, he was appointed Denmark's Minister Resident in Washington, DC. For military merit was awarded 4 orders (St. Vladimir, St. Stanislaus, Anna) as well as the French war cross with a palm branch. (It was actually a man named Captain Vladimir de Masloff whom she protected just as she did in the movie about her.) Mata Hari was tasked with seducing him. She supplemented her income by seducing government and military men; sex became strictly a financial practicality for her. The Truth About How Vlad The Impaler Died. She was arrested in Paris in February 1917. This was followed by her mothers death at 15 and a life with relatives. Once again she had found herself penniless and took the money offered to her. Her marriage elevated her social and financial position and the MacLeods had two children, Norman-John and Louise Jeanne, or Non. I wanted to live like a colorful butterfly in the sun, she later said. When not languishing in her damp, lice-ridden cell, the dancer spent the next several months under interrogation. She also began affairs with a series of military officers and wealthy aristocrats, many of whom showered her gifts and cash. Wesley Wark, a security, intelligence and terrorism expert at the University of Ottawa, said Mata Hari provided France with a scapegoat when the country wrestled with emerging power for women and fears of losing the war. Kroemer evidently considered her high-class contacts and neutral Dutch citizenship a valuable asset, so he offered her 20,000 francs to become a spy for the Kaiser. She became a spy after she decided she had to make money to support her new lover, a Russian captain, Vladimir de Masloff, who was left blind in one eye after fighting on the battlefield. MacLeod drank heavily and detested his pretty young wife, writing to a friend during an epidemic of disease in Indonesia that he wished it would "free me from this creature" ie, kill her. . We strive for accuracy and fairness. Hari consorted across national borders with influential lovers of various nationalities. For some reason (perhaps excessive secrecy, or just fear of looking amateurish to his British colleagues) Ladoux now denied any connection with Mata Hari. However Mata Hari was also already falling under suspicion from Allied intelligence agencies. Via Live Science, Vlad allegedly nailed turbans to the skulls of Ottoman envoys to display his disdain toward their Muslim faith. Drawing on her experiences in the Dutch East Indies, she developed a Hindu dance act and began performing under the name Lady Gresha MacLeod. As part of each routine, she would cast off a series of colorful robes and veils until she was left nearly nude. Wenig spter wurde Mata Hari jedoch beschuldigt, ein deutscher Spion zu sein. Margaretha and Rudolf MacLeod on their wedding day. The real Zelle had scores of well-connected lovers, including a French minister for war and a German military attach. Her husband fled with their daughter, and Mata Hari moved to Paris. By the early 1900s, Mata Hari's marriage had deteriorated. Each of the communiqus referred to agent H 21, whom the French quickly identified as Mata Hari. This grisly delivery, now the trophy of Sultan Mehmed II, would decorate the city gates, per NBC. Zelle danced at both private salons and later at large theaters. Two years after her father declared bankruptcy, when Margreet was 15 her mother died and she was sent to live with her godfather. Zelle decided to go to Paris for a new start. The famous courtesan and exotic entertainer Margaretha Zelle (Mata Hari) reaches her middle years disillusioned with life until she meets and falls in love with the dashing Russian soldier Captain Vladimir de Masloff. Undaunted as always, she managed to reestablish herself in the Netherlands as the mistress of a Dutch baron, and by December 1915 she was back in Paris, visiting all her old haunts and patrons. The dancer evidently made a bumbling attempt to glean information from Kalle, but she may have also offered him her services as a spy. It was an almost fittingly horrific ending to a tale punctuated by nightmarish violence. To order copies of . Rosenberg, Jennifer. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. However the last few years has seen a revision of these events and of Mata Hari herself. The couple had two children and moved to the East Indies. in the end Zelle was executed by firing squad on October 15, 1917, near Paris. Then the court heard of the ill-fated trip to Spain, the arrest by British intelligence in Cornwall, and the intercepted radio messages in a cracked cipher, which nobody knew had been sent on purpose to seal her doom. She then fell in love with a Russian officer, 21-year-old Russian captain, Vladimir de Masloff. Much of her prison interrogation statement concerns mundane thoughts, not troop movements. Others, of course, believe that she was in fact a German double agent. Whatever the case, the 39-year-old was assigned a German codename: H 21., Over the next several months, Mata Hari continued traveling through Europe and carrying out flings with military officers and politicians. During lengthy interrogations by Captain Pierre Bouchardon, a military prosecutor, Mata Hari who had long lived a fabricated life, embellishing both rearing and resume bungled and facts about her whereabouts and activities. Margaretha and her husband separated in 1902 and divorced in 1906. By then, Mata Hari had begun a passionate romance with Vladimir de Masloff, a 21-year-old Russian army captain. . She did try to assist the French secret service through Georges Ladoux, the head of counterespionage to whom the film's treacherous Inspector Dubois is a rough counterpart. . Eye of the Dawn | The famous courtesan and exotic entertainer Margaretha Zelle (Mata Hari) reaches her middle years disillusioned with life until she meets and falls in love with the dashing Russian soldier Captain Vladimir de Masloff. https://www.thoughtco.com/mata-hari-1779223 (accessed April 18, 2023). Zelle maintained her innocence up until the time of her death. Ladoux was well aware of Britains suspicions that she was a German agent, but he seems to have considered the recruitment a means of either entrapping her or turning her to his side. Mata Hari spent much of her career claiming that she was raised as an Indian temple dancer. Another enthralled newspaper writer called her "so feline, extremely feminine, majestically tragic, the thousand curves and movements of her body trembling in a thousand rhythms.". Historian of archaeology Dr Amara Thornton explores a network of archaeologist-spies, codebreaking, mapping and running agents, and with expert contributors delves into the extraordinary double lives led by the critical players in the international theatres of World War One. According to published reports, the Russian state military-historical archive, Vadim Maslov, a career officer, he is from a family of soldiers, the First world war he served in the Russian expeditionary corps in France. All Rights Reserved. Her frequent travels across borders put her under the surveillance of French officials. As loved theatrical divas are documents testifying to the great love of the famous spy Mata Hari (Margareta geertruida Zelle this is her real name) to Vadim Maslov. Mata Hari (real name Margaretha Zelle) was an exotic dancer in Paris during the first world war. He lists them: "God. Mata Hari was a professional dancer and mistress who accepted an assignment to spy for France in 1916. She was, however, noted as the source of German information that the French were not planning an imminent attack in 1915. The amateur spy failed to deduce that Kalle had realized exactly what she was up to, and was feeding her out-of-date and made-up information, deceiving her just as she believed she was deceiving him. Its strangely fitting that the most notorious spy of the First World War was probably guilty of nothing more than self-aggrandizement and bad judgment. Her appearance. "I love you as one adores sacred things," he says. It is often argued that her famed sensuality, at a time when overt female sexuality was unacceptable, heightened the threat that Hari was perceived to present. Despite a 21-year age difference, they wed on July 11, 1895, when Mata Hari was just shy of 19. In 1898 her children were mysteriously poisoned, the parents claimed by a nanny, her son died but her daughter survived. The government did present evidence of her numerous encounters with French officers and officials suggesting (but hardly proving) that she had extracted secrets from them; unsurprisingly, virtually none of her old lovers came forward to testify on her behalf, as this would have tarnished their reputation as well. The famous courtesan and exotic entertainer Margaretha Zelle (Mata Hari) reaches her middle years disillusioned with life until she meets. Republication or distribution of this content is Completing her dramatic transformation from military wife to siren of the East, she coined her stage name, "Mata Hari," which means "eye of the day" in Indonesian dialect. About the Book Find at your local library Description The famous courtesan and exotic entertainer Margaretha Zelle (Mata Hari) reaches her middle years disillusioned with life until she meets and falls in love with the dashing Russian soldier Captain Vladimir de Masloff. It is speculated that the French were already feeding Hari false information due to their own suspicions. Vlad belonged to the crusading Order of the Dragon, which formed in 1408 to defend Catholicism against Ottoman Muslims and Orthodox Christians, according to the book The Crusade in the Fifteenth Century. "It's impossible, it's impossible," Mata Hari exclaimed, upon hearing the decision. Her name now represents all female spies and any woman seen to be sabotaging her country through her relationship with men, but the woman behind the myth has somewhat disappeared. Although surveillance turned up nothing incriminating, Ladoux was so convinced that Mata Hari was a spy that he offered to make her a double agent in return for large sums of money, with a new mission of infiltrating Germanys web of spies in France and abroad. The Art of Expressing Gratitude: Graduation Thank You Cards. She was kind of held up as an example of what might happen if your morals were too loose, Wheelwright said. Vladimir de Masloff, of the Russian army, stationed in France. After separating from her husband, Margaretha searched for work in Paris. It is the first time she has fallen in love and perhaps the first time she has. That amorous Dutch baron, who could have shed light on the truth, was never called to testify. She can't help falling for him, though, perhaps because of his amusing moustache and strong Mexican accent, or because he is so very sweet and young and stupid. says one woman cheerfully to her husband. He had them decapitated, skinned, disemboweled, and boiled alive. Historian Stephen Bourne, author of 'Fighting Proud', discusses the role of gay servicemen in the world wars and the challenges of publishing gay history. As younger dancers took the stage, her bookings became sporadic. Her final words: It is unbelievable.. She then fell in love with a Russian officer, 21-year-old Russian captain, Vladimir de Masloff. After her mother died, 15-year-old Margaretha was sent to live with relatives. OZY writes, "The tallest spike was reserved for the sultan's general, still ceremoniously robed.". On the outbreak of war she tried to return to Paris, hoping to reconnect with old patrons there, arousing the suspicions of German officials who confiscated all her property, leaving her destitute. Mata Hari was reportedly trained in Cologne by Elsbeth Schragmller, known by the Allies only as Frulein Doktor or Mademoiselle Docteur until German intelligence documents were seized after World War Two. Without a husband, career, and money, Zelle used her experiences in Indonesia to create a new persona, one who donned jewels, smelled of perfume, spoke occasionally in Malay, danced seductively, and often wore very few clothes. She was mistaken for another spy in England and taken to . But Maslov, obviously, knew exactly what his lover to be able to provide. Margaretha began to fashion herself as an Indonesian princess, lied to journalists about her birth and took on the name Mata Hari, which translates literally from Malay to eye of the day the sun. Zelle did admit she had accepted money from Germany but claimed she treated it as payment for clothes that went missing on a German train. Although citizens of the Netherlands their ancestry traced back to northern Germany, giving Margreet a cosmopolitan air, which was only reinforced by her dark features and ethnic appearance, fuelingracist rumors of ancestors from India or Indonesia (echoing a scandalous allegation leveled at Britains former First Sea Lord and the inventor of the dreadnought, Jackie Fisher). She seems to have died bravely, she refused a blindfold and stood silently until the gunshots rang out. He gave it to her on condition she work for French intelligence. Ivan Masloff COO de Haloprof. Hired by army captain Georges Ladoux, agreeing to pass military information gleaned from her. In 1899, two-year-old Norman died after reportedly being poisoned by a nanny. Following her mother's death, Mata Hari and her three brothers were split up and sent to live with various relatives. Other researchers biography the last love of Mata Hari excerpt from the documents of Constantinople the main information Desk for September, 1920, according to which people with data of this officer is listed as Odessa engineer. But were not. Hari was tasked with seducing the Crown Prince of Germany, who had recently been placed in command of an army. Her MI5 file includes the note: She had discussed the life led by people in Paris, as regards supply of food etc., had said that the English officers in Paris treated their French Allies badly, although the French went out of their way to treat them like Kings; that the French nation might live to regret that they had ever allowed the English into the country ., Even if she wanted to divulge information, there wasnt much she could say, Wark said. The exotic style prevented her dances from being perceived as overtly lewd. The cash-strapped dancer accepted the moneyshe later claimed she considered it payback for the assets seized from her a year earlierbut whether she actually took part in espionage is unclear. If I dont have to dance, I make a trip with Marquis C. I avoid serious liaisons.. Mata Hari's morals conspired against her, as well. Sophie Masloff (ne Friedman; December 23, 1917 - August 17, 2014) was an American politician. She began to meet with German contacts. The battles shambled on like war-weary zombies in the form of what History describes as "mainly military campaigns aimed at pushing Muslims from conquered territory, or conquering pagan regions." Though he himself had affairs, he was jealous of attention awarded to his wife by other men. This final discrepancy sums up the very different ways people have chosen to view her, both in life and in death. She really did not pass on anything that you couldnt find in the local newspapers in Spain, said Julie Wheelwright of City University in London, the author of The Fatal Lover: Mata Hari and the Myth of Women in Espionage. Some historians believe that the Germans suspected Mata Hari was a French spy and subsequently set her up, deliberately sending a message falsely labeling her as a German spy which they knew would be easily decoded by the French. However, things became dangerously disordered for the Dragon when he and his sons, Vlad and Radu, attended a diplomatic meeting with Ottoman Sultan Murad II. Mata Haris trial began on July 24, 1917, but with cards stacked against the 41-year old former exotic dancer, its outcome was never really in doubt. Her life has spawned numerous biographies and cinematic portrayals, including, most famously, the 1931 film Mata Hari, starring Greta Garbo as the courtesan-dancer and Ramon Novarro as Lieutenant Alexis Rosanoff. Mata Hari was born Margaretha Geertruida Zelle in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, on August 7, 1876, to father Adam Zelle, a hat merchant who went bankrupt due to bad investments, and mother Antje Zelle, who fell ill and died when Mata Hari was 15 years old. Since her conviction as a double agent during WWI she has become a byword for the femme fatale. He was, the real Zelle told her. She was arrested in Paris as a spy on February 13, 1917, and held in horrid conditions until her execution on October 15 of that year. Not well? Anxious to make money to start a new life with him, she accepted Ladoux's deal and announced her intentions to seduce military secrets out of high-ranking Germans. Sophie Masloff, a Democrat who campaigned with a big black pocketbook, charmed voters with homespun verbal gaffes and from 1988 to '94 was the first woman and the first Jew to . Vladimir de Masloff, of the Russian Army, who was stationed in France. There are memories of a Soviet diplomat Alexei Ignatiev, in which he wrote that Vadim Maslov after the emigration took monastic vows. As recounted in A History of the Crusades, in 1459, Pope Pius II declared a crusade against the Ottomans, who conquered Constantinople in 1453. Some accounts say she blew her executors a kiss yet other accounts say she merely raised her hand in farewell to the nuns who had looked after her in prison. It was a desperate time for the French. So popular was it that nobody doubted its extravagant claim in the worlds first advertising slogan. Ever the performer, she supposedly blew a kiss to the troops moments before the fatal shots rang out. While she spoke frankly about her promiscuous lifestyle, she was adamant that she had never committed espionage for any country other than France. Genealogy profile for Vladimir Malka Genealogy for Vladimir Malka (Masloff) (1894 - 1944) family tree on Geni, with over 245 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Zelle had a comfortable childhood in the Netherlands until her fathers bankruptcy and abandonment when she was 13. Whilst the efficiency of her spying is questioned some say she was ineffectual whilst others attribute up to 50,000 deaths to her work Mata Hari admitted under questioning to receiving 20,000 franks from her handler, Captain Hoffman. Synopsis: Born on August 7, 1876, in Leeuwarden, Netherlands, Mata Hari was. Aged 18, Margaretha responded to a newspaper advert for a wife with a photograph of herself. She was actually 40 years old at the time, and her time as a dancer was long behind her. Geni requires JavaScript! Real or imagined spies were convenient scapegoats for explaining military losses, and Mata Hari's arrest was one of many. Take a Beechams Pill was often the advice. A courtesan, I admit it, she said. In March 1895, while still staying with her uncle, 18-year-old Zelle became engaged to Rudolph "John" MacLeod after answering a personal ad in the newspaper. A file dated May 22, 1917 states: Matahari today confessed that she has been engaged in Consul CREMER of Amsterdam for the German Secret Service. There she met and fell in love with a much younger Russian officer, the 21-year-old Vladimir de Masloff, who seemed to be equally infatuated with the aging dancer. Mata Hari is swarmed by fans. She sat as an artists model, all the while making theatrical contacts who she would use to get roles in plays, and then to begin her career as an exotic dancer in 1905. Biography of Mata Hari, Infamous World War I Spy. Offered money to collect information by the Germans while in the Netherlands in 1916 she became Agent H21. Hari wrote reports in regular ink rather than invisible ink and sent them via easily intercepted hotel post. Exclaimed, upon hearing the decision father declared bankruptcy, when Margreet was 15 her died! Advertising slogan she was 13 again she had never committed espionage for any country other France. Content regularly to ensure it is the first time she has vladimir de masloff a for. Offered money to collect information by the Germans while in the end Zelle was executed firing... Zelle danced at both private salons and later at large theaters 15 her 's... 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