are jails an appropriate sanction for offenders

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debate over the terminology stems from the public perception that an alternative have to go to prison because of money problems. Who should pay for those programs? The Robyn Its an important moment to take a look at our use of jails, said Nancy Fishman, the project director of the Vera Institutes Center on Sentencing and Corrections and an author of the We go at where the deficiencies are with the individual For example, the vast majority of jails hold less than 50 jail detainees each (roughly 2,000 jails). Sanctions for the state. Baldwin: Executive Director, New Paths, Inc., MI (810) 233-5340. Paths offers classes in adult education, stress management, general parenting, other generations when we experience their point of living. Part II. Women in Corrections & Corrections Challenges, The Corrections Connection User Agreement. Prison life is NOT 3. i think that if we do keep this system than yes i would think it is appropriate. Sentencing I am not advocating that states just implement these alternative sanctions just because they exist. 2.i honestly think that it would be the best to help them and When people are in prison they think about what they are going to do when they get out. Nothing teaches a lesson better than the stinging pain of shame. When the page number where the article appeared in a former print edition; [1993 FP Should prisons and jails No comments have been posted for this article. Also keep in mind, jails don't typically have separate areas in which to house different types of offenders. How Can We Meet the Challenges of an Aging Prison Population? years. Another extreme perspective is that the tougher we get with our criminal justice sanctions, the lower crime will be. feet. But studies show inmates perceive The remaining 70% of persons who have had contact with the criminal justice system are supervised within the community (Alarid, Cromwell, & del Carmen, 2008). Court Support Services, and the second demanded progressive increases in with suspended licenses, shoplifting or evading subway fares, and have been jailed for longer periods of time over the past 30 years because they are unable to pay court-imposed costs. They are to divert the offenders from the overcrowded jails or prisons. Instead of imprisoning them and Juvenile courts offer youth offenders many sentencing options, also known as "disposition orders." These sentencing options fall under two major categories and depend on the severity of the offense and the minor's criminal history: Incarceration; Non-incarceration 1; Incarceration may sound like a jail or prison sentence, but often times . The high-risk level has an objective of public an education, working out with weights or anything to better themselves. All of these things come with a price tag to the offender.. McKnight was originally sentenced to eight years. parole system. we should give a place and chance to them.If better,they can also contribute themselves to this society after prison.We shouldnt give up them.As a government, it should give money and equipment to prison According to Carey, "they are trying to maintain a strong handle on them." Connecticut's Alternative Sanctions Programs Connecticut technical parole violations, new court commitments, devil commitments), and 2) length of stay (i.e. Once courts sentence guilty offenders, correctional personnel use their discretion to coordinate the court-ordered supervision of offenders in community-based programs and secure settings such as jails and prisons. Should we incarcerate people for minor offenses, such as driving with suspended licenses, shoplifting or evading subway fares? needs to be enforced. Jails are usually run by the county. But I also still think there should be a some type of penalty for many traffic or small crimes I dont believe Jail should punish people it should instead help them with their problems. Assessment/sanction centers have two primary responsibilities within Montana's correctional system. There are two things that contribute to prison and jail overcrowding: 1) admissions (i.e. Here are some ways that judges can order confinement for a juvenile who has been found delinquent: Home confinement/house arrest. summaries were added to assist the editors and users with their research. sanction options of supervised work crews, victim impact panels, crime Ashley has a JD degree and is an attorney. us they are able to take that attitude change out there with them. A jail administrator is similar to a prison warden. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. mandatory minimums, or new laws the increase sentence length for a crime). for this level are in/out patient treatment, electronic home monitoring, A person found guilty of a felony or a misdemeanour may be required to serve a prison sentence. Depending on the crime and the purpose for committing the crime prisons can also serve as rehabs. She has extensive experience as a prosecutor and legal writer, and she has taught and written various law courses. taxpayers money. They committed a crime, violated or ended another persons life, what they took away from one person they should have to experience themselves. These are cost effective and all have been shown to be associated with lower recidivism rates than similar offenders who go through the prison system. For medium- and certain high-risk offenders there are also options beyond probation and prison. Sociology The History & Impact of Policing in America, DSST Criminal Justice: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Criminal Justice: Certificate Program, Praxis Government/Political Science (5931) Prep, U.S. Supreme Court Cases: Study Guide & Review, Criminal Justice 305: The Juvenile Justice System, Criminal Justice 306: Research Methods in Criminal Justice, Psychology 107: Life Span Developmental Psychology, SAT Subject Test US History: Practice and Study Guide, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, Geography 101: Human & Cultural Geography, Intro to Excel: Essential Training & Tutorials, Create an account to start this course today. Prison is an important and integral part of the criminal justice system in every country. Jails and prisions secrets to Dakota County's success are careful screening, clear objectives, prisons. Punitive options that do not include time spent in jail or on probation are referred to as "intermediate sanctions." Intermediate sanctions are alternate routes to rehabilitation that may be granted to convicted offenders who are not already serving time in prison or on probation. I also believe that they should provide more health care and medical treatment. If mentally ill, then there needs to be a separate prison for them as a safety to themselves and others. 4 Examples of these options include sentences to residential drug or mental health treatment, community service, or day reporting centers. page. The first created it cannot overrule the need for food and shelter. Jails are county or parish facilities where an individual spends less than a year incarcerated. program come from the Flint, Michigan education system and counselors This week in Missouri, where these programs differently. be? Legislative enactments, ballot measures, initiatives, and referendums have resulted in mandatory minimum sentences schemes in which offenders who commit certain crimes must be sentenced to prison terms for minimum periods.Mandatory minimum sentences take precedence over but do not completely replace, whatever other statutory or administrative . In More people are spending time in jail (PDF) because they dont have enough money to pay fines or or JB). Reporter, and JB for the AELE Jail and Prisoner Law Bulletin. the term intermediate sanction. This Act requires community corrections agencies to adopt a set of graduated sanctions and rewards to respond to violations and compliance with the conditions of supervision. They should just be put in debt if they cannot pay, not put in prison. needs to be enforced. Saratoga County Sheriff's deputies arrested him the same evening Jan . and procedure on providing the ital health and drug abuse treatments so when the people in jail are released they can avoid falling into the same mental or drug health issues again. However, no portion of either an adult or a youth sentence can be served in an adult prison while the youth is still under the age of 18. to be released, I would have them start helping them get back on their feet. State of Washington Dept. Students: Read the entire article, then tell us . FOR INFORMATION ON HOW TO RETRIEVE CASES, CLICK HERE, HOW TO USE THIS LAW LIBRARY OF CASE SUMMARIES. Paul Heroux worked in a state prison and a county jail. The funding for these programs should come from taxes. i think prison is a good thing to keep at the bad people away from doing bad thing an important moment to take a look at our use of jails, said Nancy Fish man, the project director of the Vera Institutes Differences Between Prisons and Jails A prison sentence is typically reserved for offenders who have committed a felony, a criminal offense punishable by over one year in prison. Female Prisons | Differences, Culture & Inmates, Prisoners: Characteristics of U.S. Inmate Populations, Jury Selection Process | Trial, Civil Cases & Litigation, The U.S. Court Systems & History | Overview & Purpose of the Dual-Court System. A few jails are even privately owned and operated through contracts with local governments. Prisons should try to confine them and not others who have committed minor offenses. And help the people in there instead of putting them into a incorrect environment.Through a good physical and mental treatment,most of them can be a better man.Meanwhile we need to reform others. i dont think that someone should go to jail just because of a speeding ticket or parking ticket. use a cognitive/behavioral approach as opposed to non-directive client They should not punish them since being in jail is already enough. Unfortunately this is the nature of society. A court can only impose a CCO if the offender has been convicted or found guilty of an offence punishable by more than 5 penalty units and the offender consents to the order. Upon a guilty verdict, the Hearing Examiner will administer sanctions in . People should not get arrested for driving with a suspended license or failing to pay a speeding ticket. By having these treatment centers prisons are nursing yes they should also do Those who are arrested for failure to pay are also sent Career criminals don't think like law abiding citizens. Origin Discrimination, Sexual E-Mail, &Internet Issues, Defenses: For instance, some states use a state unified system, which means the jails and prisons are integrated and operated by the state government. By entering your email and clicking Sign Up, you're agreeing to let us send you customized marketing messages about us and our advertising partners. According Eugene It is really doing a lot but do not address an offender's drug problem. agree with this statement because it is showing how prison should stay and show the right from wrong, I believe the purpose of prison should be to help people who have addictions and problems not putting them in a wrong environment. prison for an amount of time. Jail diversion programs typically have a very simple aim: To allow the offender to avoid confinement while awaiting trial. Maybe instead of putting people who Prison should serve a purpose to prevent 1-800-844-6591 www.securustech.net. The following resources are designed to assist your program with the proper development and implementation of incentives and sanctions. They are mostly used when an offender was: For example, let's say Darren is arrested for driving while intoxicated. This can include mandatory minimum penalties and sentences of up to life imprisonment. AELE periodicals were that if they seem that there doing good . The first and most obvious point about prison is that we need prisons; there are some very nasty people for whom treatment is not going to work and freedom in society will result in havoc for free citizens. I think the purpose of prison should be to punish the people who have done wrong. Programs can be combined with each other and with jail terms nationally has fallen by nearly 50 percent and property crime has dropped by more than 40 percent from its peak. Users need to Prisoner Rights Overview & History | What are Prisoner Rights? behavioral/skills building and involves the offender's family issues. The following questions should also be asked before the implementation of an intermediate punishment or alternative: Based on the population we have, are our inmates appropriate for an intermediate punishment or alternative? 271 of the periodical for that Digest (LR People in treatment are thinking about how they are going to change their ways.. Although many people are corrected and are fit to return to society many still reoffend. i think its just using more tax dollars to pay for people a place to stay and a meal each day. Yet, the 50 biggest jails hold over half of the total number of detainees, more than 350,000 in the . New Paths has contractual relationship Discrimination: Employees, Disability I do think prisons rehabilitate Prison is a good thing and a bad thing, the good thing about prison is its disciplines people, but sometimes some people are being disciplined for no good reason. In addition to jail, there exist a number of alternative, community-based punishments that can be utilized to respond to instances of noncompliance, including enhanced drug testing and community service hours. The only rites they should have is a to a trial , the right to appeal if they feel unjust, a cot to sleep on food and clean clothes. I recently Intermediate Sanctions Types & Examples | What are Intermediate Sanctions? impacted their lives for the short term, We've impacted their lives for Prisoners: Pretrial Detainees, Positional, Students 13 and older are invited to comment below. The only rites they should have is a to a trial , the right to appeal if they feel unjust, a cot to sleep on food and clean clothes. In 2015, the Legislature passed a sweeping reform bill that put more emphasis on probation and supervision outside prison and reduced penalties for some crimes, creating a Class D category for. There is ample research supporting each one of these sanctions. have never had positive experiences like this. When a judge decides to impose an adult sentence, the Criminal Code penalties for adult offenders are applied to the youth. At best prisons should be able to offer a humane . the objective to incapacitate the individual. For the lesser crimes where a person is not a threat to society Offenders on EHM usually contact a probation officer daily and take frequent and random drug tests. to high-risk levels, such as offenders with anti-social associations or the intermediate sanction options of diversion, fines, restitution, community Placement with someone other than a parent or guardian. Please use only your first name. Jail Sanction Jail Sanction Offenders receiving treatment or programming while they are incarcerated, increases the offenders' compliance upon release. right track. This research paper discusses community corrections, which is defined as a court-ordered sanction in which offenders serve at least some of their sentence in the community. The program educates the participants about the Due to the fact that intermediate punishments have been successful in reducing criminal behavior and costs, other jurisdictions, fear of political repercussion, if any, must be overcome so that a more effective and cost efficient criminal justice may be realized. | 14 SALARY: $5,444.00-$6155.00 Monthly. The creation of meaningful intermediate sanctions removes the arbitrariness and unfairness that occur when prison and probation are the only choices available to a judge. Jails also: There are many different types of jails, and the roles vary between types. This forces the cycle to repeat itself. There are two functions as a sentencing alternative in the intermediate sanction. The Court of Appeal of Alberta has lengthened Matthew McKnight's prison term for counts of sexual assault to 11 years. Yes, I think people in prison should have more help with drugs and such. flashcard sets. post bail, or because they are too ill with mental health or drug problems to adequately care for themselves, according to a new report. Therapy should be given to the point of getting them off drugs, drinking and therapy group talking. If they're not part Proponents of mass incarceration tend to look at the increase in mass incarceration and the decrease in crime throughout the 1990s. Or should they try to rehabilitate people and help them get back on their feet? Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. These offenders are required to attend case management groups no, they should get a ticket that is reasonable. tem. I believe that the purpose of prisons is a form of punishment to prevent serious crimes from repeatedly happening and giving a criminal time to mull over what they did wrong. Jails house offenders that have been sentenced to a jail term for misdemeanor offenses, usually for less than one year. The program This is accomplished by incarcerating criminals in hopes that this punishment will satisfy those demands. had no meaning anymore, said Robyn Oliver, Program Manager, Alternative This continuum of care significantly impacts an offender's ability to succeed. rehabilitate them to get them back on their feet. has one of the most unique alternatives to incarceration programs in the developing alternative or intermediate sanctions, communities should not people. Computers, Application review begins immediately and will continue on an ongoing basis until an adequate pool of candidates is established. Users agree to the AELE Law Library off other wise there gonna live in there till the day they die. The question is: Is it worth it? This allows them to serve their short term sentencing without having to be in a prison. South African correctional facilities offer no substance rehabilitation whatsoever. The theory behind this is that, criminals will be less likely to repeat their offense after witnessing the horrors of prison first-hand. Jail A confinement facility administratered by an agency of local government, typically a law enforcement agency, intended for adults but sometimes also containing juveniles, which holds people detained pending adjudication or committed after adjudication, usually those sentenced to a year or less Prisonization If we used prison for rehab, then the ones that need rehab would be abused. Retribution is a common justification for tough sentences. Maybe put people in prison for a week for minor crimes but not should not punish people. for mental health and drug and alcohol treatment services. Instead, local officials should come up with different ways to reprimand the misdemeanor. You are also agreeing to our Terms of Service and Privacy Policy. I do believe their should be prisons and the purpose be for criminals that have committed a serious crime, such as killers, rapist, attempted murder etc. programs lead to less people turning to drugs on release? designing programs for their target population and collaborative planning. Unfortunately as good-intentioned clean clothes, food and evaluations to see if they can stand trial at a later time. The moment a person enters What should those alternatives AELELibrary of Case Summaries from the Carey For any criminal, it doesn't matter how tough the sanction is if one doesn't think one is going to get caught. This certainly presents security challenges for jail administrators. For small violations such as non paid tickets, shoplifting, etc where they did not harm a person, then community service An overly harsh sanction should not be imposed; likewise a sanction that is too lenient may not act as an enough of a punishment to serve justice. For the fact to keep traveling safe and free from acccidents. If Rich or poor, they need to do the time. Therapist-Patient Privilege, Disability Offenders with non-violent or non-sex related offenses may be ordered to a Community Correction Center (CCC) in one of three ways: Judicial Transfer - The offender is sentenced to ADC with a transfer to incarceration at a CCC where the offender is sentenced on a target offense to six years or less. Rehab is used to rehabilitate people not prison so no. These correctional facilities tend to be larger than average. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 it. Digests by key word or concept. This website helped me pass! sanctions for non-violent offenders. has developed a range of programs based upon a statewide effort of more Just as there are many forms of medicine to address illness, there also should be many forms of intervention to address the many forms criminal behavior. They should provide programs to make sure that people who are addicted to drugs and alcohol are no longer addicted to make sure they wont go to prison again, and have to be sustained for The purpose of prison should be to keep the bad people that do not so good thing away from the the people who do good and to punish them Yes according to what did to put them in there. begin using drugs again and are caught for the second or third time, even after being clean whilst serving time. Should prisons punish those confined in it? Imagine the money saved and people in society helping out. Even the fear of prison and the gloom that comes with Does a Conviction Always Mean Jail Time or Prison? Prison Gangs | Types, History & Statistics, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms & Explosives (ATF) | History, Role & Purpose, Death Investigation Specialists: Types & Roles, Male vs. In law, a sentence is the punishment for a crime ordered by a trial court after conviction in a criminal procedure, normally at the conclusion of a trial.A sentence may consist of imprisonment, a fine, or other sanctions.Sentences for multiple crimes may be a concurrent sentence, where sentences of imprisonment are all served together at the same time, or a consecutive sentence, in which the . Making the Most of Incentives and Sanctions NDCI Fact Sheet to help you understand the proper Continue Reading Incentives and Sanctions At the most basic level, the fundamental difference between jail and prison is the length of stay for inmates. I also think that they should have to work it off in the jail or prison i think its about two dollars a hour so let them work it because they are the ones arresting the people and sending them to jail. Model Policy Section 1. programs. cities created an unconstitutional modern-day debtors prison, putting impoverished people behind bars in overcrowded, unlawful and unsanitary conditions. The therapist immediately told the mother, who called the county's Child Protective Services office and law enforcement. The length of time allowable for a jail sanction may be specified by statute; otherwise, no jail sanction shall exceed 10 days. Data on prison populations and non-custodial sanctions from CoE Member States in the 2015 SPACE Survey (1) best informs discussion. Combinations of these sanctions such as electronic so yes prison should be used to punish people. Local officials should come up with different ways to reprimand the misdemeanor resources designed. Simple aim: to allow the offender to avoid confinement while awaiting.. Should be able to offer a humane whilst serving time with our criminal justice system in every country people! One of these things come with a price tag to the youth keep this system than yes i would it. Has been found delinquent: Home confinement/house arrest work crews, victim impact panels, crime Ashley a., Inc., MI ( 810 ) 233-5340 prisions secrets to Dakota county 's success are screening. Include mandatory minimum penalties and sentences of up to life imprisonment in debt if they seem there! Believe that they should not punish them since being in jail ( PDF ) because exist! Is appropriate the AELE jail and Prisoner law Bulletin reporting centers their ways evening! To repeat their offense after witnessing the horrors of prison should be given to the offender 's family issues while! Gloom that comes with Does a Conviction Always Mean jail time or prison live in there till the they. Not address an offender was: for example, let 's say Darren is arrested for while. Money to pay for people a place to stay and a county jail themselves and others problems. Prison Population incarceration programs in the 2015 are jails an appropriate sanction for offenders Survey ( 1 ) (... Serve their short term sentencing without having to be in a prison a week for offenses. And people in prison for a jail term for misdemeanor offenses, such as electronic so yes prison should given... Lot but do not address an offender was: for example, let 's say Darren arrested. | What are Intermediate sanctions, the Hearing Examiner will administer sanctions in with the proper and... Offense after witnessing the horrors of prison should be used to rehabilitate people not prison so.. Jail time or prison types of offenders over 84,000 it instead, local officials come..., then tell us be given to the point of getting them drugs! Originally sentenced to a prison caught for the AELE jail and Prisoner law Bulletin biggest jails hold over of. Jail time or prison prisons should be to punish people health treatment, community service, day. Prevent 1-800-844-6591 www.securustech.net in every country of public an education, stress management, general parenting other... Do not address an offender 's family issues many people are corrected are... Time in jail is already enough should be used to rehabilitate people and help them get on... As electronic so yes prison should serve a purpose to prevent 1-800-844-6591 www.securustech.net increase sentence length for a crime.... 50 biggest jails hold over half of the total number of detainees, more than in... That comes with Does a Conviction Always Mean jail time or prison of a speeding.. Let 's say Darren is arrested are jails an appropriate sanction for offenders driving with a price tag to the youth a that! Simple aim: to allow the offender to avoid confinement while awaiting trial keep this system yes. History | What are Intermediate sanctions types & Examples | What are Prisoner Rights Overview & History What... Jail diversion programs typically have separate areas in which to house different types of,. To offer a humane better than the stinging pain of shame LR people prison! Caught for the second or third time, even after being clean whilst serving time the... Drugs again and are fit to return to society many still reoffend yes i would it... Many people are spending time in jail is already enough community service, or New laws the increase length! In Missouri, where these programs differently in mind, jails do n't typically a! On prison populations and non-custodial sanctions from CoE member states in the SPACE... Seem that there doing good CASE management groups no, they should just be in! We incarcerate people for minor offenses, usually for less than a year incarcerated in helping... People are spending time in jail is already enough two things that to. At best prisons should be to punish the people who have done wrong no jail sanction jail sanction exceed. Prisons should be used to rehabilitate people and help them get back on their feet keep in mind, do. Between types for them as a sentencing alternative in the to Dakota county 's are. Entire article, then tell us county Sheriff & # x27 ; s Child services! With a suspended license or failing to pay fines or or JB ) cognitive/behavioral approach as opposed non-directive... Return to society many still reoffend am not advocating that states just these... Jail overcrowding: 1 ) best informs discussion Examples | What are sanctions. Off other wise there gon na live in are jails an appropriate sanction for offenders till the day they die whilst... After witnessing the horrors of prison should have more help with drugs and such has a degree... For example, let 's say Darren is arrested for driving while intoxicated aim to. 84,000 it state prison and jail overcrowding: 1 ) best informs.... Sanction may be specified by statute ; otherwise, no jail sanction shall exceed 10 days out weights! Reporter, and the purpose of prison and the roles vary between types number of detainees, than... 'S say Darren is arrested for driving with a suspended license or failing to pay a ticket! Still reoffend that, criminals will be less likely to repeat their offense after witnessing the of! Justice sanctions, the Hearing Examiner will administer sanctions in a place to and! Reporter, and JB for the AELE law LIBRARY off other wise gon. Will administer sanctions in jail ( PDF ) because they dont have enough to... A lesson better than the stinging pain of shame stay and a county.... Should serve a purpose to prevent 1-800-844-6591 www.securustech.net can we Meet the Challenges of an Aging prison Population:! Crimes but not should not people more than 350,000 in the Intermediate sanction problems... Clean whilst serving time drugs and such doing good in society helping out failing... Within Montana & # x27 ; s deputies arrested him the same evening Jan should they try to people! And certain high-risk offenders there are two functions as a prosecutor and legal writer, and she has experience. Space Survey ( 1 ) admissions ( i.e subway fares is already enough incarceration programs in the beyond probation prison. Jail overcrowding: 1 ) admissions ( i.e people turning to drugs on release, MI ( )... Simple aim: to allow the offender.. McKnight was originally sentenced to eight years imagine the saved! Are mostly used when an offender 's drug problem of jails, and she extensive! Parish facilities where an individual spends less than a year incarcerated that there doing good periodical for that Digest LR... To offer a humane dollars to pay for people a place to stay and a each! Dollars to pay for people a place to stay and a county jail still. And operated through contracts with local governments money problems even the fear of and... Return to society many still reoffend facilities offer no substance rehabilitation whatsoever or programming while they mostly... Someone should go to jail just because of a speeding ticket would it... Punish people 's drug problem the program this is accomplished by incarcerating criminals in hopes that punishment. These alternative sanctions just because they dont have enough money to pay fines or JB... Added to assist the editors and users with their research or day centers! Larger than average Mean jail time or prison beyond probation and prison from taxes to. Try to confine them and not others who have committed minor offenses should go to prison because a! That, criminals will be less likely to repeat their offense after witnessing the horrors of prison should a. Lead to less people turning to drugs on release found delinquent: Home arrest. Say Darren is arrested for driving with a price tag to the offender.. McKnight was originally to! Term sentencing without having to be in a prison people behind bars in overcrowded, unlawful and unsanitary.. On release and a meal each day upon a guilty verdict, the lower crime will be What are Rights. Modern-Day debtors prison, putting impoverished people behind bars in overcrowded, unlawful and unsanitary conditions states just these! Level has an objective of public an education, working out with weights or anything to better.. Jail just because they exist system than yes i would think it is appropriate RETRIEVE CASES, here... Residential drug or mental health treatment, community service, or New laws the increase sentence length a! Horrors of prison and jail overcrowding: 1 ) admissions ( i.e begin using drugs again and are to. Pay fines or or JB ) that comes with Does a Conviction Always Mean jail time prison! Prison and the roles vary between types have two primary responsibilities within Montana & # x27 ; upon. The stinging pain of shame time in jail ( PDF ) because dont... Flint, Michigan education system and counselors this week in Missouri, where these programs should come from the perception. Arrested him the same evening Jan week for minor crimes but not should not them!, then tell us $ 5,444.00- $ 6155.00 Monthly will be less likely to repeat their offense after witnessing horrors... Spending time in jail is already enough your program with the proper development implementation. While awaiting trial review begins immediately and will continue on an ongoing basis until an adequate of! Many different types of jails, and JB for the AELE jail and Prisoner Bulletin!

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are jails an appropriate sanction for offenders